Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?

The aim of this study was to determine the level of reproductive success (RS) in natural and anthropogenic populations of generalist orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> and its dependence on flower structure and nectar composition, i.e., amino acids and sugars. We found that both pollinari...

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Autores principales:	Emilia Brzosko, Andrzej Bajguz, Justyna Burzyńska, Magdalena Chmur
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	floral display fruiting marsh helleborine nectar amino acids nectar sugars pollinaria removal Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/85b68572577540b4bb5d73c5af0c32e3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:85b68572577540b4bb5d73c5af0c32e32021-11-25T17:53:56ZNectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?10.3390/ijms2222121641422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/85b68572577540b4bb5d73c5af0c32e32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12164https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The aim of this study was to determine the level of reproductive success (RS) in natural and anthropogenic populations of generalist orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> and its dependence on flower structure and nectar composition, i.e., amino acids and sugars. We found that both pollinaria removal and female reproductive success were high and similar in all populations, despite differences in flower traits and nectar chemistry. Flower structures were weakly correlated with parameters of RS. Nectar traits were more important in shaping RS; although, we noted differentiated selection on nectar components in distinct populations. Individuals in natural populations produced nectar with a larger amount of sugars and amino acids. The sucrose to (fructose and glucose) ratio in natural populations was close to 1, while in anthropogenic ones, a clear domination of fructose and glucose was noted. Our results indicate that the flower traits and nectar composition of <i>E. palustris</i> reflect its generalist character and meet the requirements of a wide range of pollinators, differing according to body sizes, mouth apparatus, and dietary needs. Simultaneously, differentiation of nectar chemistry suggests a variation of pollinator assemblages in particular populations or domination of their some groups. To our knowledge, a comparison of nectar chemistry between natural and anthropogenic populations of orchids is reported for the first time in this paper.Emilia BrzoskoAndrzej BajguzJustyna BurzyńskaMagdalena ChmurMDPI AGarticlefloral displayfruitingmarsh helleborinenectar amino acidsnectar sugarspollinaria removalBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12164, p 12164 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	floral display fruiting marsh helleborine nectar amino acids nectar sugars pollinaria removal Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	floral display fruiting marsh helleborine nectar amino acids nectar sugars pollinaria removal Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Emilia Brzosko Andrzej Bajguz Justyna Burzyńska Magdalena Chmur Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?
description	The aim of this study was to determine the level of reproductive success (RS) in natural and anthropogenic populations of generalist orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> and its dependence on flower structure and nectar composition, i.e., amino acids and sugars. We found that both pollinaria removal and female reproductive success were high and similar in all populations, despite differences in flower traits and nectar chemistry. Flower structures were weakly correlated with parameters of RS. Nectar traits were more important in shaping RS; although, we noted differentiated selection on nectar components in distinct populations. Individuals in natural populations produced nectar with a larger amount of sugars and amino acids. The sucrose to (fructose and glucose) ratio in natural populations was close to 1, while in anthropogenic ones, a clear domination of fructose and glucose was noted. Our results indicate that the flower traits and nectar composition of <i>E. palustris</i> reflect its generalist character and meet the requirements of a wide range of pollinators, differing according to body sizes, mouth apparatus, and dietary needs. Simultaneously, differentiation of nectar chemistry suggests a variation of pollinator assemblages in particular populations or domination of their some groups. To our knowledge, a comparison of nectar chemistry between natural and anthropogenic populations of orchids is reported for the first time in this paper.
format	article
author	Emilia Brzosko Andrzej Bajguz Justyna Burzyńska Magdalena Chmur
author_facet	Emilia Brzosko Andrzej Bajguz Justyna Burzyńska Magdalena Chmur
author_sort	Emilia Brzosko
title	Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?
title_short	Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?
title_full	Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?
title_fullStr	Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?
title_full_unstemmed	Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?
title_sort	nectar chemistry or flower morphology—what is more important for the reproductive success of generalist orchid <i>epipactis palustris</i> in natural and anthropogenic populations?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/85b68572577540b4bb5d73c5af0c32e3
work_keys_str_mv	AT emiliabrzosko nectarchemistryorflowermorphologywhatismoreimportantforthereproductivesuccessofgeneralistorchidiepipactispalustrisiinnaturalandanthropogenicpopulations AT andrzejbajguz nectarchemistryorflowermorphologywhatismoreimportantforthereproductivesuccessofgeneralistorchidiepipactispalustrisiinnaturalandanthropogenicpopulations AT justynaburzynska nectarchemistryorflowermorphologywhatismoreimportantforthereproductivesuccessofgeneralistorchidiepipactispalustrisiinnaturalandanthropogenicpopulations AT magdalenachmur nectarchemistryorflowermorphologywhatismoreimportantforthereproductivesuccessofgeneralistorchidiepipactispalustrisiinnaturalandanthropogenicpopulations
_version_	1718411872144719872

Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology—What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid <i>Epipactis palustris</i> in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations?

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