Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection

<i>Babesia</i> is an intraerythrocytic, obligate Apicomplexan parasite that has, in the last century, been implicated in human infections via zoonosis and is now widespread, especially in parts of the USA and Europe. It is naturally transmitted by the bite of a tick, but transfused blood...

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Autores principales:	Divya Beri, Manpreet Singh, Marilis Rodriguez, Karina Yazdanbakhsh, Cheryl Ann Lobo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Babesia</i> sickle-cell anemia hemolysis haemoglobinopathies Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/85e8d45af9a54c8a93c34de8890ed9fd
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:85e8d45af9a54c8a93c34de8890ed9fd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:85e8d45af9a54c8a93c34de8890ed9fd2021-11-25T18:38:14ZSickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection10.3390/pathogens101114352076-0817https://doaj.org/article/85e8d45af9a54c8a93c34de8890ed9fd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1435https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817<i>Babesia</i> is an intraerythrocytic, obligate Apicomplexan parasite that has, in the last century, been implicated in human infections via zoonosis and is now widespread, especially in parts of the USA and Europe. It is naturally transmitted by the bite of a tick, but transfused blood from infected donors has also proven to be a major source of transmission. When infected, most humans are clinically asymptomatic, but the parasite can prove to be lethal when it infects immunocompromised individuals. Hemolysis and anemia are two common symptoms that accompany many infectious diseases, and this is particularly true of parasitic diseases that target red cells. Clinically, this becomes an acute problem for subjects who are prone to hemolysis and depend on frequent transfusions, like patients with sickle cell anemia or thalassemia. Little is known about <i>Babesia</i>’s pathogenesis in these hemoglobinopathies, and most parallels are drawn from its evolutionarily related <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite which shares the same environmental niche, the RBCs, in the human host. In vitro as well as in vivo <i>Babesia</i>-infected mouse sickle cell disease (SCD) models support the inhibition of intra-erythrocytic parasite proliferation, but mechanisms driving the protection of such hemoglobinopathies against infection are not fully studied. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of <i>Babesia</i> infection and hemoglobinopathies, focusing on possible mechanisms behind this parasite resistance and the clinical repercussions faced by <i>Babesia</i>-infected human hosts harboring mutations in their globin gene.Divya BeriManpreet SinghMarilis RodriguezKarina YazdanbakhshCheryl Ann LoboMDPI AGarticle<i>Babesia</i>sickle-cell anemiahemolysishaemoglobinopathiesMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1435, p 1435 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Babesia</i> sickle-cell anemia hemolysis haemoglobinopathies Medicine R
spellingShingle	<i>Babesia</i> sickle-cell anemia hemolysis haemoglobinopathies Medicine R Divya Beri Manpreet Singh Marilis Rodriguez Karina Yazdanbakhsh Cheryl Ann Lobo Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection
description	<i>Babesia</i> is an intraerythrocytic, obligate Apicomplexan parasite that has, in the last century, been implicated in human infections via zoonosis and is now widespread, especially in parts of the USA and Europe. It is naturally transmitted by the bite of a tick, but transfused blood from infected donors has also proven to be a major source of transmission. When infected, most humans are clinically asymptomatic, but the parasite can prove to be lethal when it infects immunocompromised individuals. Hemolysis and anemia are two common symptoms that accompany many infectious diseases, and this is particularly true of parasitic diseases that target red cells. Clinically, this becomes an acute problem for subjects who are prone to hemolysis and depend on frequent transfusions, like patients with sickle cell anemia or thalassemia. Little is known about <i>Babesia</i>’s pathogenesis in these hemoglobinopathies, and most parallels are drawn from its evolutionarily related <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite which shares the same environmental niche, the RBCs, in the human host. In vitro as well as in vivo <i>Babesia</i>-infected mouse sickle cell disease (SCD) models support the inhibition of intra-erythrocytic parasite proliferation, but mechanisms driving the protection of such hemoglobinopathies against infection are not fully studied. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of <i>Babesia</i> infection and hemoglobinopathies, focusing on possible mechanisms behind this parasite resistance and the clinical repercussions faced by <i>Babesia</i>-infected human hosts harboring mutations in their globin gene.
format	article
author	Divya Beri Manpreet Singh Marilis Rodriguez Karina Yazdanbakhsh Cheryl Ann Lobo
author_facet	Divya Beri Manpreet Singh Marilis Rodriguez Karina Yazdanbakhsh Cheryl Ann Lobo
author_sort	Divya Beri
title	Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection
title_short	Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection
title_full	Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection
title_fullStr	Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection
title_sort	sickle cell anemia and <i>babesia</i> infection
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/85e8d45af9a54c8a93c34de8890ed9fd
work_keys_str_mv	AT divyaberi sicklecellanemiaandibabesiaiinfection AT manpreetsingh sicklecellanemiaandibabesiaiinfection AT marilisrodriguez sicklecellanemiaandibabesiaiinfection AT karinayazdanbakhsh sicklecellanemiaandibabesiaiinfection AT cherylannlobo sicklecellanemiaandibabesiaiinfection
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Sickle Cell Anemia and <i>Babesia</i> Infection

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