Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations

Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light...

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Autores principales:	Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero, Alejandro Gallego-Ortega, Arturo Ortín-Martínez, María Paz Villegas-Pérez, Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano, Manuel Vidal-Sanz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	LED induced phototoxicity cone photoreceptor microglia activation retinal pigment epithelium neuroprotection Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/85fbaeda6b8a4df690cd2c8ca497a1b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:85fbaeda6b8a4df690cd2c8ca497a1b32021-11-25T18:10:34ZAnimal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations10.3390/life111111372075-1729https://doaj.org/article/85fbaeda6b8a4df690cd2c8ca497a1b32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/11/1137https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light. Recently, a blue LED-induced phototoxicity (LIP) model has been developed that causes focal damage in the outer layers of the superior-temporal region of the retina in rodents. In vivo studies described a progressive reduction in retinal thickness that affected the most extensively the photoreceptor layer. Functionally, a transient reduction in a- and b-wave amplitude of the ERG response was observed. Ex vivo studies showed a progressive reduction of cones and an involvement of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the area of the lesion and, in parallel, an activation of microglial cells that perfectly circumscribe the damage in the outer retinal layer. The use of neuroprotective strategies such as intravitreal administration of trophic factors, e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and topical administration of the selective alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine) have demonstrated to increase the survival of the cone population after LIP.Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-OlleroAlejandro Gallego-OrtegaArturo Ortín-MartínezMaría Paz Villegas-PérezFrancisco J. Valiente-SorianoManuel Vidal-SanzMDPI AGarticleLED induced phototoxicitycone photoreceptormicroglia activationretinal pigment epitheliumneuroprotectionScienceQENLife, Vol 11, Iss 1137, p 1137 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	LED induced phototoxicity cone photoreceptor microglia activation retinal pigment epithelium neuroprotection Science Q
spellingShingle	LED induced phototoxicity cone photoreceptor microglia activation retinal pigment epithelium neuroprotection Science Q Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Arturo Ortín-Martínez María Paz Villegas-Pérez Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano Manuel Vidal-Sanz Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
description	Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light. Recently, a blue LED-induced phototoxicity (LIP) model has been developed that causes focal damage in the outer layers of the superior-temporal region of the retina in rodents. In vivo studies described a progressive reduction in retinal thickness that affected the most extensively the photoreceptor layer. Functionally, a transient reduction in a- and b-wave amplitude of the ERG response was observed. Ex vivo studies showed a progressive reduction of cones and an involvement of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the area of the lesion and, in parallel, an activation of microglial cells that perfectly circumscribe the damage in the outer retinal layer. The use of neuroprotective strategies such as intravitreal administration of trophic factors, e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and topical administration of the selective alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine) have demonstrated to increase the survival of the cone population after LIP.
format	article
author	Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Arturo Ortín-Martínez María Paz Villegas-Pérez Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano Manuel Vidal-Sanz
author_facet	Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Arturo Ortín-Martínez María Paz Villegas-Pérez Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano Manuel Vidal-Sanz
author_sort	Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero
title	Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
title_short	Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
title_full	Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
title_fullStr	Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
title_full_unstemmed	Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
title_sort	animal models of led-induced phototoxicity. short- and long-term in vivo and ex vivo retinal alterations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/85fbaeda6b8a4df690cd2c8ca497a1b3
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Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations

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