Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte

In his violent charge against the French Revolution, Edmund Burke elevated the political debate to a philosophical level. His deepest argument consisted in reproaching revolutionaries for sinning by apriorism, seeking to deduce, like geometricians, a new constitution from the abstract principles set...

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Autor principal:	Thomas Van der Hallen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	FR
Publicado:	École Normale Supérieure de Lyon 2021
Materias:	Fichte (Johann Gottlieb) Doctrine of Scientific Knowledge Right of Revolution Criticism of Empiricism Burke (Edmund) Enlightenment History (General) and history of Europe D Philosophy (General) B1-5802
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/860be61090f7484eb7b1e45232a5f713
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:860be61090f7484eb7b1e45232a5f713
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:860be61090f7484eb7b1e45232a5f7132021-12-02T11:02:23ZBriser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte1762-611010.4000/asterion.5629https://doaj.org/article/860be61090f7484eb7b1e45232a5f7132021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://journals.openedition.org/asterion/5629https://doaj.org/toc/1762-6110In his violent charge against the French Revolution, Edmund Burke elevated the political debate to a philosophical level. His deepest argument consisted in reproaching revolutionaries for sinning by apriorism, seeking to deduce, like geometricians, a new constitution from the abstract principles set out in the Declaration of Human Rights. Taken up by the German disciples of Burke, this criticism of the method adopted by the Constituent Assembly drew from the empiricist postulates of the Anglo-Scottish Enlightenment all the conservative implications already concealed in Hume’s political and historical texts. Yet, it is from the outset on this speculative ground that the defence of the right of revolution is played out in Fichte. Reproaching empiricism for reducing the mind to the “blind mechanism of the association of ideas”, passively determined by an exteriority in itself, Fichte intends, on the contrary, to base the experience itself on the activity of an absolutely independent “I-in-itself”. Conceived as a free causality, thus being able to free oneself from Humian “customary conjunctions” in order to begin a new series in the order of phenomena, man, for Fichte, not only has the “faculty of self-improvement”, but the very law of his freedom even makes it his duty. With regard to this categorical imperative of self-improvement, there is no Common Law, nor Ancient Constitution, nor “inheritance from our forefathers” that can stand. Hence, Fichte does not shrink from revolution if these venerable institutions of the past are an obstacle to man’s destiny.Thomas Van der HallenÉcole Normale Supérieure de LyonarticleFichte (Johann Gottlieb)Doctrine of Scientific KnowledgeRight of RevolutionCriticism of EmpiricismBurke (Edmund)EnlightenmentHistory (General) and history of EuropeDPhilosophy (General)B1-5802FRAstérion, Vol 24 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	FR
topic	Fichte (Johann Gottlieb) Doctrine of Scientific Knowledge Right of Revolution Criticism of Empiricism Burke (Edmund) Enlightenment History (General) and history of Europe D Philosophy (General) B1-5802
spellingShingle	Fichte (Johann Gottlieb) Doctrine of Scientific Knowledge Right of Revolution Criticism of Empiricism Burke (Edmund) Enlightenment History (General) and history of Europe D Philosophy (General) B1-5802 Thomas Van der Hallen Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte
description	In his violent charge against the French Revolution, Edmund Burke elevated the political debate to a philosophical level. His deepest argument consisted in reproaching revolutionaries for sinning by apriorism, seeking to deduce, like geometricians, a new constitution from the abstract principles set out in the Declaration of Human Rights. Taken up by the German disciples of Burke, this criticism of the method adopted by the Constituent Assembly drew from the empiricist postulates of the Anglo-Scottish Enlightenment all the conservative implications already concealed in Hume’s political and historical texts. Yet, it is from the outset on this speculative ground that the defence of the right of revolution is played out in Fichte. Reproaching empiricism for reducing the mind to the “blind mechanism of the association of ideas”, passively determined by an exteriority in itself, Fichte intends, on the contrary, to base the experience itself on the activity of an absolutely independent “I-in-itself”. Conceived as a free causality, thus being able to free oneself from Humian “customary conjunctions” in order to begin a new series in the order of phenomena, man, for Fichte, not only has the “faculty of self-improvement”, but the very law of his freedom even makes it his duty. With regard to this categorical imperative of self-improvement, there is no Common Law, nor Ancient Constitution, nor “inheritance from our forefathers” that can stand. Hence, Fichte does not shrink from revolution if these venerable institutions of the past are an obstacle to man’s destiny.
format	article
author	Thomas Van der Hallen
author_facet	Thomas Van der Hallen
author_sort	Thomas Van der Hallen
title	Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte
title_short	Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte
title_full	Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte
title_fullStr	Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte
title_full_unstemmed	Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte
title_sort	briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la révolution française et de la doctrine de la science de fichte
publisher	École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/860be61090f7484eb7b1e45232a5f713
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Briser les « chaînes extérieures » : le combat commun de la Révolution française et de la Doctrine de la science de Fichte

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