Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis

Binaural beats (BB) consist of two slightly distinct auditory frequencies (one in each ear), which are differentiated with clinical electroencephalographic (EEG) bandwidths, namely, delta, theta, alpha, beta, or gamma. This auditory stimulation has been widely used to module brain rhythms and thus i...

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Autores principales:	César E. Corona-González, Luz María Alonso-Valerdi, David I. Ibarra-Zarate
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	binaural beats beta theta EEG brain entrainment Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8622dbc7f6ec437585441329503e545b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8622dbc7f6ec437585441329503e545b2021-11-11T04:53:46ZPersonalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.764068https://doaj.org/article/8622dbc7f6ec437585441329503e545b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764068/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Binaural beats (BB) consist of two slightly distinct auditory frequencies (one in each ear), which are differentiated with clinical electroencephalographic (EEG) bandwidths, namely, delta, theta, alpha, beta, or gamma. This auditory stimulation has been widely used to module brain rhythms and thus inducing the mental condition associated with the EEG bandwidth in use. The aim of this research was to investigate whether personalized BB (specifically those within theta and beta EEG bands) improve brain entrainment. Personalized BB consisted of pure tones with a carrier tone of 500 Hz in the left ear together with an adjustable frequency in the right ear that was defined for theta BB (since fc for theta EEG band was 4.60 Hz ± 0.70 SD) and beta BB (since fc for beta EEG band was 18.42 Hz ± 2.82 SD). The adjustable frequencies were estimated for each participant in accordance with their heart rate by applying the Brain-Body Coupling Theorem postulated by Klimesch. To achieve this aim, 20 healthy volunteers were stimulated with their personalized theta and beta BB for 20 min and their EEG signals were collected with 22 channels. EEG analysis was based on the comparison of power spectral density among three mental conditions: (1) theta BB stimulation, (2) beta BB stimulation, and (3) resting state. Results showed larger absolute power differences for both BB stimulation sessions than resting state on bilateral temporal and parietal regions. This power change seems to be related to auditory perception and sound location. However, no significant differences were found between theta and beta BB sessions when it was expected to achieve different brain entrainments, since theta and beta BB induce relaxation and readiness, respectively. In addition, relative power analysis (theta BB/resting state) revealed alpha band desynchronization in the parieto-occipital region when volunteers listened to theta BB, suggesting that participants felt uncomfortable. In conclusion, neural resynchronization was met with both personalized theta and beta BB, but no different mental conditions seemed to be achieved.César E. Corona-GonzálezLuz María Alonso-ValerdiDavid I. Ibarra-ZarateFrontiers Media S.A.articlebinaural beatsbetathetaEEGbrain entrainmentPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	binaural beats beta theta EEG brain entrainment Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	binaural beats beta theta EEG brain entrainment Psychology BF1-990 César E. Corona-González Luz María Alonso-Valerdi David I. Ibarra-Zarate Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis
description	Binaural beats (BB) consist of two slightly distinct auditory frequencies (one in each ear), which are differentiated with clinical electroencephalographic (EEG) bandwidths, namely, delta, theta, alpha, beta, or gamma. This auditory stimulation has been widely used to module brain rhythms and thus inducing the mental condition associated with the EEG bandwidth in use. The aim of this research was to investigate whether personalized BB (specifically those within theta and beta EEG bands) improve brain entrainment. Personalized BB consisted of pure tones with a carrier tone of 500 Hz in the left ear together with an adjustable frequency in the right ear that was defined for theta BB (since fc for theta EEG band was 4.60 Hz ± 0.70 SD) and beta BB (since fc for beta EEG band was 18.42 Hz ± 2.82 SD). The adjustable frequencies were estimated for each participant in accordance with their heart rate by applying the Brain-Body Coupling Theorem postulated by Klimesch. To achieve this aim, 20 healthy volunteers were stimulated with their personalized theta and beta BB for 20 min and their EEG signals were collected with 22 channels. EEG analysis was based on the comparison of power spectral density among three mental conditions: (1) theta BB stimulation, (2) beta BB stimulation, and (3) resting state. Results showed larger absolute power differences for both BB stimulation sessions than resting state on bilateral temporal and parietal regions. This power change seems to be related to auditory perception and sound location. However, no significant differences were found between theta and beta BB sessions when it was expected to achieve different brain entrainments, since theta and beta BB induce relaxation and readiness, respectively. In addition, relative power analysis (theta BB/resting state) revealed alpha band desynchronization in the parieto-occipital region when volunteers listened to theta BB, suggesting that participants felt uncomfortable. In conclusion, neural resynchronization was met with both personalized theta and beta BB, but no different mental conditions seemed to be achieved.
format	article
author	César E. Corona-González Luz María Alonso-Valerdi David I. Ibarra-Zarate
author_facet	César E. Corona-González Luz María Alonso-Valerdi David I. Ibarra-Zarate
author_sort	César E. Corona-González
title	Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis
title_short	Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis
title_full	Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis
title_fullStr	Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis
title_sort	personalized theta and beta binaural beats for brain entrainment: an electroencephalographic analysis
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8622dbc7f6ec437585441329503e545b
work_keys_str_mv	AT cesarecoronagonzalez personalizedthetaandbetabinauralbeatsforbrainentrainmentanelectroencephalographicanalysis AT luzmariaalonsovalerdi personalizedthetaandbetabinauralbeatsforbrainentrainmentanelectroencephalographicanalysis AT davidiibarrazarate personalizedthetaandbetabinauralbeatsforbrainentrainmentanelectroencephalographicanalysis
_version_	1718439600362356736

Personalized Theta and Beta Binaural Beats for Brain Entrainment: An Electroencephalographic Analysis

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