Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli

ABSTRACT Nodular thelitis is a chronic enzootic infection affecting dairy cows and goats. The causative agent was recently shown to be related to the leprosy-causing bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In this study, the genome of this pathogen was sequenced and analyzed. Ph...

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Autores principales:	Andrej Benjak, Charlotte Avanzi, Yvonne Benito, Franck Breysse, Christophe Chartier, Maria-Laura Boschiroli, Christine Fourichon, Lorraine Michelet, Didier Pin, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Pierre Bruyere, Oana Dumitrescu, Stewart T. Cole, Gerard Lina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Mycobacterium uberis evolutionary biology genome analysis granulomatous dermatitis veterinary pathogens Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8650c37ec1dd41949fddeacac30f9ebe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8650c37ec1dd41949fddeacac30f9ebe2021-11-15T15:22:26ZHighly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli10.1128/mSphere.00405-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/8650c37ec1dd41949fddeacac30f9ebe2018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00405-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Nodular thelitis is a chronic enzootic infection affecting dairy cows and goats. The causative agent was recently shown to be related to the leprosy-causing bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In this study, the genome of this pathogen was sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that the pathogen present in nodular thelitis and tuberculoid scrotitis is a distinct species related to the leprosy bacilli and Mycobacterium haemophilum. Because the pathogen was originally isolated from a bovine udder, it was named “Mycobacterium uberis.” The genome of “M. uberis” is only 3.12 Mb in length, which represents the smallest mycobacterial genome identified so far but which is close to that of leprosy bacilli in size. The genome contains 1,759 protein-coding genes and 1,081 pseudogenes, indicative of extensive reductive evolution and likely the reason that M. uberis cannot be grown axenically. The pseudogenization and genome reduction in M. uberis seem to have been to some extent independent from the results determined for the genomes of the leprosy bacilli. IMPORTANCE M. uberis is an emerging skin pathogen in dairy animals. Its genome underwent massive reduction and gene decay, leading to a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle, which highly resembles the evolution of the leprosy agents M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. The genomic similarity between M. uberis and the leprosy bacilli can help in identifying key virulence factors of these closely related species or in identifying genes responsible for the distinct differences between thelitis or scrotitis and leprosy with respect to clinical manifestations. Specific DNA markers can now be developed for quick detection of this pathogen.Andrej BenjakCharlotte AvanziYvonne BenitoFranck BreysseChristophe ChartierMaria-Laura BoschiroliChristine FourichonLorraine MicheletDidier PinJean-Pierre FlandroisPierre BruyereOana DumitrescuStewart T. ColeGerard LinaAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMycobacterium uberisevolutionary biologygenome analysisgranulomatous dermatitisveterinary pathogensMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mycobacterium uberis evolutionary biology genome analysis granulomatous dermatitis veterinary pathogens Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Mycobacterium uberis evolutionary biology genome analysis granulomatous dermatitis veterinary pathogens Microbiology QR1-502 Andrej Benjak Charlotte Avanzi Yvonne Benito Franck Breysse Christophe Chartier Maria-Laura Boschiroli Christine Fourichon Lorraine Michelet Didier Pin Jean-Pierre Flandrois Pierre Bruyere Oana Dumitrescu Stewart T. Cole Gerard Lina Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
description	ABSTRACT Nodular thelitis is a chronic enzootic infection affecting dairy cows and goats. The causative agent was recently shown to be related to the leprosy-causing bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In this study, the genome of this pathogen was sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that the pathogen present in nodular thelitis and tuberculoid scrotitis is a distinct species related to the leprosy bacilli and Mycobacterium haemophilum. Because the pathogen was originally isolated from a bovine udder, it was named “Mycobacterium uberis.” The genome of “M. uberis” is only 3.12 Mb in length, which represents the smallest mycobacterial genome identified so far but which is close to that of leprosy bacilli in size. The genome contains 1,759 protein-coding genes and 1,081 pseudogenes, indicative of extensive reductive evolution and likely the reason that M. uberis cannot be grown axenically. The pseudogenization and genome reduction in M. uberis seem to have been to some extent independent from the results determined for the genomes of the leprosy bacilli. IMPORTANCE M. uberis is an emerging skin pathogen in dairy animals. Its genome underwent massive reduction and gene decay, leading to a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle, which highly resembles the evolution of the leprosy agents M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. The genomic similarity between M. uberis and the leprosy bacilli can help in identifying key virulence factors of these closely related species or in identifying genes responsible for the distinct differences between thelitis or scrotitis and leprosy with respect to clinical manifestations. Specific DNA markers can now be developed for quick detection of this pathogen.
format	article
author	Andrej Benjak Charlotte Avanzi Yvonne Benito Franck Breysse Christophe Chartier Maria-Laura Boschiroli Christine Fourichon Lorraine Michelet Didier Pin Jean-Pierre Flandrois Pierre Bruyere Oana Dumitrescu Stewart T. Cole Gerard Lina
author_facet	Andrej Benjak Charlotte Avanzi Yvonne Benito Franck Breysse Christophe Chartier Maria-Laura Boschiroli Christine Fourichon Lorraine Michelet Didier Pin Jean-Pierre Flandrois Pierre Bruyere Oana Dumitrescu Stewart T. Cole Gerard Lina
author_sort	Andrej Benjak
title	Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
title_short	Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
title_full	Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
title_fullStr	Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
title_full_unstemmed	Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
title_sort	highly reduced genome of the new species <italic toggle="yes">mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the causative agent of nodular thelitis and tuberculoid scrotitis in livestock and a close relative of the leprosy bacilli
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/8650c37ec1dd41949fddeacac30f9ebe
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Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium uberis</italic>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli

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