Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

RNA silencing, or RNA interference (RNAi) in metazoans mediates development, reduces viral infection and limits transposon mobility. RNA silencing involves 21-30 nucleotide RNAs classified into microRNA (miRNA), exogenous and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNA), and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA...

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Autores principales:	Scott A Bernhardt, Mark P Simmons, Ken E Olson, Barry J Beaty, Carol D Blair, William C Black
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8659ddf07e6f41829ae0c7e5b84046fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8659ddf07e6f41829ae0c7e5b84046fb2021-11-18T07:04:39ZRapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0044198https://doaj.org/article/8659ddf07e6f41829ae0c7e5b84046fb2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23028502/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203RNA silencing, or RNA interference (RNAi) in metazoans mediates development, reduces viral infection and limits transposon mobility. RNA silencing involves 21-30 nucleotide RNAs classified into microRNA (miRNA), exogenous and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNA), and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA). Knock-out, silencing and mutagenesis of genes in the exogenous siRNA (exo-siRNA) regulatory network demonstrate the importance of this RNAi pathway in antiviral immunity in Drosophila and mosquitoes. In Drosophila, genes encoding components for processing exo-siRNAs are among the fastest evolving 3% of all genes, suggesting that infection with pathogenic RNA viruses may drive diversifying selection in their host. In contrast, paralogous miRNA pathway genes do not evolve more rapidly than the genome average. Silencing of exo-siRNA pathway genes in mosquitoes orally infected with arboviruses leads to increased viral replication, but little is known about the comparative patterns of molecular evolution among the exo-siRNA and miRNA pathways genes in mosquitoes. We generated nearly complete sequences of all exons of major miRNA and siRNA pathway genes dicer-1 and dicer-2, argonaute-1 and argonaute-2, and r3d1 and r2d2 in 104 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from six distinct geographic populations and analyzed their genetic diversity. The ratio of replacement to silent amino acid substitutions was 1.4 fold higher in dicer-2 than in dicer-1, 27.4 fold higher in argonaute-2 than in argonaute-1 and similar in r2d2 and r3d1. Positive selection was supported in 32% of non-synonymous sites in dicer-1, in 47% of sites in dicer-2, in 30% of sites in argonaute-1, in all sites in argonaute-2, in 22% of sites in r3d1 and in 55% of sites in r2d2. Unlike Drosophila, in Ae. aegypti, both exo-siRNA and miRNA pathway genes appear to be undergoing rapid, positive, diversifying selection. Furthermore, refractoriness of mosquitoes to infection with dengue virus was significantly positively correlated for nucleotide diversity indices in dicer-2.Scott A BernhardtMark P SimmonsKen E OlsonBarry J BeatyCarol D BlairWilliam C BlackPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e44198 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Scott A Bernhardt Mark P Simmons Ken E Olson Barry J Beaty Carol D Blair William C Black Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
description	RNA silencing, or RNA interference (RNAi) in metazoans mediates development, reduces viral infection and limits transposon mobility. RNA silencing involves 21-30 nucleotide RNAs classified into microRNA (miRNA), exogenous and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNA), and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA). Knock-out, silencing and mutagenesis of genes in the exogenous siRNA (exo-siRNA) regulatory network demonstrate the importance of this RNAi pathway in antiviral immunity in Drosophila and mosquitoes. In Drosophila, genes encoding components for processing exo-siRNAs are among the fastest evolving 3% of all genes, suggesting that infection with pathogenic RNA viruses may drive diversifying selection in their host. In contrast, paralogous miRNA pathway genes do not evolve more rapidly than the genome average. Silencing of exo-siRNA pathway genes in mosquitoes orally infected with arboviruses leads to increased viral replication, but little is known about the comparative patterns of molecular evolution among the exo-siRNA and miRNA pathways genes in mosquitoes. We generated nearly complete sequences of all exons of major miRNA and siRNA pathway genes dicer-1 and dicer-2, argonaute-1 and argonaute-2, and r3d1 and r2d2 in 104 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from six distinct geographic populations and analyzed their genetic diversity. The ratio of replacement to silent amino acid substitutions was 1.4 fold higher in dicer-2 than in dicer-1, 27.4 fold higher in argonaute-2 than in argonaute-1 and similar in r2d2 and r3d1. Positive selection was supported in 32% of non-synonymous sites in dicer-1, in 47% of sites in dicer-2, in 30% of sites in argonaute-1, in all sites in argonaute-2, in 22% of sites in r3d1 and in 55% of sites in r2d2. Unlike Drosophila, in Ae. aegypti, both exo-siRNA and miRNA pathway genes appear to be undergoing rapid, positive, diversifying selection. Furthermore, refractoriness of mosquitoes to infection with dengue virus was significantly positively correlated for nucleotide diversity indices in dicer-2.
format	article
author	Scott A Bernhardt Mark P Simmons Ken E Olson Barry J Beaty Carol D Blair William C Black
author_facet	Scott A Bernhardt Mark P Simmons Ken E Olson Barry J Beaty Carol D Blair William C Black
author_sort	Scott A Bernhardt
title	Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
title_short	Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
title_full	Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
title_fullStr	Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
title_full_unstemmed	Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
title_sort	rapid intraspecific evolution of mirna and sirna genes in the mosquito aedes aegypti.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/8659ddf07e6f41829ae0c7e5b84046fb
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Rapid intraspecific evolution of miRNA and siRNA genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

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