From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo

ABSTRACT Despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) h...

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Autores principales:	Denise McAloose, Melissa Laverack, Leyi Wang, Mary Lea Killian, Leonardo C. Caserta, Fangfeng Yuan, Patrick K. Mitchell, Krista Queen, Matthew R. Mauldin, Brittany D. Cronk, Susan L. Bartlett, John M. Sykes, Stephanie Zec, Tracy Stokol, Karen Ingerman, Martha A. Delaney, Richard Fredrickson, Marina Ivančić, Melinda Jenkins-Moore, Katie Mozingo, Kerrie Franzen, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Laura Goodman, Haibin Wang, Ying Fang, Colleen Olmstead, Colleen McCann, Patrick Thomas, Erin Goodrich, François Elvinger, David C. Smith, Suxiang Tong, Sally Slavinski, Paul P. Calle, Karen Terio, Mia Kim Torchetti, Diego G. Diel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	One Health Panthera leo Panthera tigris SARS-CoV-2 in situ hybridization lion Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8662bca4878144e5bd30a4eaa226f0bf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8662bca4878144e5bd30a4eaa226f0bf2021-11-15T16:19:09ZFrom People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo10.1128/mBio.02220-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/8662bca4878144e5bd30a4eaa226f0bf2020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02220-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has killed millions. Zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which presumably originated from an animal reservoir, has killed more than half a million people around the world and cases continue to rise. In March 2020, New York City was a global epicenter for SARS-CoV-2 infections. During this time, four tigers and three lions at the Bronx Zoo, NY, developed mild, abnormal respiratory signs. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions and/or feces from all seven animals, live virus in three, and colocalized viral RNA with cellular damage in one. We produced nine whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the animals and keepers and identified different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes in the tigers and lions. Epidemiologic and genomic data indicated human-to-tiger transmission. These were the first confirmed cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 animal infections in the United States and the first in nondomestic species in the world. We highlight disease transmission at a nontraditional interface and provide information that contributes to understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission across species. IMPORTANCE The human-animal-environment interface of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important aspect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that requires robust One Health-based investigations. Despite this, few reports describe natural infections in animals or directly link them to human infections using genomic data. In the present study, we describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions in the United States and provide epidemiological and genetic evidence for human-to-animal transmission of the virus. Our data show that tigers and lions were infected with different genotypes of SARS-CoV-2, indicating two independent transmission events to the animals. Importantly, infected animals shed infectious virus in respiratory secretions and feces. A better understanding of the susceptibility of animal species to SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and identify potential reservoirs and sources of infection that are important in both animal and human health.Denise McAlooseMelissa LaverackLeyi WangMary Lea KillianLeonardo C. CasertaFangfeng YuanPatrick K. MitchellKrista QueenMatthew R. MauldinBrittany D. CronkSusan L. BartlettJohn M. SykesStephanie ZecTracy StokolKaren IngermanMartha A. DelaneyRichard FredricksonMarina IvančićMelinda Jenkins-MooreKatie MozingoKerrie FranzenNichole Hines BergesonLaura GoodmanHaibin WangYing FangColleen OlmsteadColleen McCannPatrick ThomasErin GoodrichFrançois ElvingerDavid C. SmithSuxiang TongSally SlavinskiPaul P. CalleKaren TerioMia Kim TorchettiDiego G. DielAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleOne HealthPanthera leoPanthera tigrisSARS-CoV-2in situ hybridizationlionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	One Health Panthera leo Panthera tigris SARS-CoV-2 in situ hybridization lion Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	One Health Panthera leo Panthera tigris SARS-CoV-2 in situ hybridization lion Microbiology QR1-502 Denise McAloose Melissa Laverack Leyi Wang Mary Lea Killian Leonardo C. Caserta Fangfeng Yuan Patrick K. Mitchell Krista Queen Matthew R. Mauldin Brittany D. Cronk Susan L. Bartlett John M. Sykes Stephanie Zec Tracy Stokol Karen Ingerman Martha A. Delaney Richard Fredrickson Marina Ivančić Melinda Jenkins-Moore Katie Mozingo Kerrie Franzen Nichole Hines Bergeson Laura Goodman Haibin Wang Ying Fang Colleen Olmstead Colleen McCann Patrick Thomas Erin Goodrich François Elvinger David C. Smith Suxiang Tong Sally Slavinski Paul P. Calle Karen Terio Mia Kim Torchetti Diego G. Diel From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
description	ABSTRACT Despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has killed millions. Zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which presumably originated from an animal reservoir, has killed more than half a million people around the world and cases continue to rise. In March 2020, New York City was a global epicenter for SARS-CoV-2 infections. During this time, four tigers and three lions at the Bronx Zoo, NY, developed mild, abnormal respiratory signs. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions and/or feces from all seven animals, live virus in three, and colocalized viral RNA with cellular damage in one. We produced nine whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the animals and keepers and identified different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes in the tigers and lions. Epidemiologic and genomic data indicated human-to-tiger transmission. These were the first confirmed cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 animal infections in the United States and the first in nondomestic species in the world. We highlight disease transmission at a nontraditional interface and provide information that contributes to understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission across species. IMPORTANCE The human-animal-environment interface of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important aspect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that requires robust One Health-based investigations. Despite this, few reports describe natural infections in animals or directly link them to human infections using genomic data. In the present study, we describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions in the United States and provide epidemiological and genetic evidence for human-to-animal transmission of the virus. Our data show that tigers and lions were infected with different genotypes of SARS-CoV-2, indicating two independent transmission events to the animals. Importantly, infected animals shed infectious virus in respiratory secretions and feces. A better understanding of the susceptibility of animal species to SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and identify potential reservoirs and sources of infection that are important in both animal and human health.
format	article
author	Denise McAloose Melissa Laverack Leyi Wang Mary Lea Killian Leonardo C. Caserta Fangfeng Yuan Patrick K. Mitchell Krista Queen Matthew R. Mauldin Brittany D. Cronk Susan L. Bartlett John M. Sykes Stephanie Zec Tracy Stokol Karen Ingerman Martha A. Delaney Richard Fredrickson Marina Ivančić Melinda Jenkins-Moore Katie Mozingo Kerrie Franzen Nichole Hines Bergeson Laura Goodman Haibin Wang Ying Fang Colleen Olmstead Colleen McCann Patrick Thomas Erin Goodrich François Elvinger David C. Smith Suxiang Tong Sally Slavinski Paul P. Calle Karen Terio Mia Kim Torchetti Diego G. Diel
author_facet	Denise McAloose Melissa Laverack Leyi Wang Mary Lea Killian Leonardo C. Caserta Fangfeng Yuan Patrick K. Mitchell Krista Queen Matthew R. Mauldin Brittany D. Cronk Susan L. Bartlett John M. Sykes Stephanie Zec Tracy Stokol Karen Ingerman Martha A. Delaney Richard Fredrickson Marina Ivančić Melinda Jenkins-Moore Katie Mozingo Kerrie Franzen Nichole Hines Bergeson Laura Goodman Haibin Wang Ying Fang Colleen Olmstead Colleen McCann Patrick Thomas Erin Goodrich François Elvinger David C. Smith Suxiang Tong Sally Slavinski Paul P. Calle Karen Terio Mia Kim Torchetti Diego G. Diel
author_sort	Denise McAloose
title	From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
title_short	From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
title_full	From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
title_fullStr	From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
title_full_unstemmed	From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
title_sort	from people to <italic toggle="yes">panthera</italic>: natural sars-cov-2 infection in tigers and lions at the bronx zoo
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/8662bca4878144e5bd30a4eaa226f0bf
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From People to <italic toggle="yes">Panthera</italic>: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo

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