Investigation of Er3+ Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications

Melt quenching technique is used for preparing glasses with chemical formula (70P2O5)–(16 − x)CdO–(14ZnO)–(xEr2O3), (x = 1–6 mol%). These glasses were named Er1, Er2, Er3, Er4, Er5, and Er6, respectively. Pho...

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Autores principales:	Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Antoaneta Ene, Oyeleke I. Olarinoye, Samir Y. Marzouk, Shams H. Abdel-Hafez, Mohamed S. Shams, Yasser S. Rammah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phosphate glasses photon buildup factors fast neutron absorption electron stopping powers Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/866971e3c837428f81381999bcd2a6ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:866971e3c837428f81381999bcd2a6ae2021-11-25T18:13:24ZInvestigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications10.3390/ma142267691996-1944https://doaj.org/article/866971e3c837428f81381999bcd2a6ae2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6769https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Melt quenching technique is used for preparing glasses with chemical formula (70P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)–(16 − x)CdO–(14ZnO)–(xEr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), (x = 1–6 mol%). These glasses were named Er1, Er2, Er3, Er4, Er5, and Er6, respectively. Photon buildup factors, fast neutron absorption, and electron stopping of the prepared glasses were examined. Glasses’ density was varied from 3.390 ± 0.003 for the Er1 glass sample to 3.412 ± 0.003 for the Er6 glass sample. The Buildup factor (BUF) spectra have relatively higher values in the Compton Scattering (CS) dominated areas compared to both Photoelectric effect (PE), and Pair Production (PP) dominated energy regions. The highest BUF appeared at the Er atom K-absorption edge, whose intensity increases as the molar concentration of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the glasses increases. The photon absorption efficiency (PAE) of the glasses increases according to the trend (PAE)<sub>Er1</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er2</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er3</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er4</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er5</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er6</sub>. Fast neutron removal cross-section, FNRC <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Σ</mi></mrow></mrow><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> values of the glasses obtained via calculation varied from 0.1045–0.1039 cm<sup>−1</sup> for Er1–Er6. Furthermore, the continuous slowing down approximation mode (CSDA) range enhances the kinetic energy of electrons for all glasses. Generally, results revealed that the investigated glasses could be applied for radiation shielding and dosimetric media.Hesham M. H. ZakalyAntoaneta EneOyeleke I. OlarinoyeSamir Y. MarzoukShams H. Abdel-HafezMohamed S. ShamsYasser S. RammahMDPI AGarticlephosphate glassesphoton buildup factorsfast neutron absorptionelectron stopping powersTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6769, p 6769 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phosphate glasses photon buildup factors fast neutron absorption electron stopping powers Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	phosphate glasses photon buildup factors fast neutron absorption electron stopping powers Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Hesham M. H. Zakaly Antoaneta Ene Oyeleke I. Olarinoye Samir Y. Marzouk Shams H. Abdel-Hafez Mohamed S. Shams Yasser S. Rammah Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications
description	Melt quenching technique is used for preparing glasses with chemical formula (70P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)–(16 − x)CdO–(14ZnO)–(xEr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), (x = 1–6 mol%). These glasses were named Er1, Er2, Er3, Er4, Er5, and Er6, respectively. Photon buildup factors, fast neutron absorption, and electron stopping of the prepared glasses were examined. Glasses’ density was varied from 3.390 ± 0.003 for the Er1 glass sample to 3.412 ± 0.003 for the Er6 glass sample. The Buildup factor (BUF) spectra have relatively higher values in the Compton Scattering (CS) dominated areas compared to both Photoelectric effect (PE), and Pair Production (PP) dominated energy regions. The highest BUF appeared at the Er atom K-absorption edge, whose intensity increases as the molar concentration of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the glasses increases. The photon absorption efficiency (PAE) of the glasses increases according to the trend (PAE)<sub>Er1</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er2</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er3</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er4</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er5</sub> < (PAE)<sub>Er6</sub>. Fast neutron removal cross-section, FNRC <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Σ</mi></mrow></mrow><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> values of the glasses obtained via calculation varied from 0.1045–0.1039 cm<sup>−1</sup> for Er1–Er6. Furthermore, the continuous slowing down approximation mode (CSDA) range enhances the kinetic energy of electrons for all glasses. Generally, results revealed that the investigated glasses could be applied for radiation shielding and dosimetric media.
format	article
author	Hesham M. H. Zakaly Antoaneta Ene Oyeleke I. Olarinoye Samir Y. Marzouk Shams H. Abdel-Hafez Mohamed S. Shams Yasser S. Rammah
author_facet	Hesham M. H. Zakaly Antoaneta Ene Oyeleke I. Olarinoye Samir Y. Marzouk Shams H. Abdel-Hafez Mohamed S. Shams Yasser S. Rammah
author_sort	Hesham M. H. Zakaly
title	Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications
title_short	Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications
title_full	Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications
title_fullStr	Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications
title_sort	investigation of er<sup>3+</sup> ions reinforced zinc-phosphate glasses for ionizing radiation shielding applications
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/866971e3c837428f81381999bcd2a6ae
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Investigation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Ions Reinforced Zinc-Phosphate Glasses for Ionizing Radiation Shielding Applications

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