The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound

Abstract Two-dimensional systems have strengthened their position as a key materials for novel applications. Very recently, boron joined the distinguished group of elements confirmed to possess 2D allotropes, named borophenes. In this work, we explore the stability and hardness of the highest boride...

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Autor principal:	Nevill Gonzalez Szwacki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8687f4b3956c4b9ebc01bc514a8760b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8687f4b3956c4b9ebc01bc514a8760b92021-12-02T11:41:21ZThe structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound10.1038/s41598-017-04394-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8687f4b3956c4b9ebc01bc514a8760b92017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04394-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Two-dimensional systems have strengthened their position as a key materials for novel applications. Very recently, boron joined the distinguished group of elements confirmed to possess 2D allotropes, named borophenes. In this work, we explore the stability and hardness of the highest borides of tungsten, which are built of borophenes separated by metal atoms. We show that the WB3+x compounds have Vickers hardnesses approaching 40 GPa only for small values of x. The insertion of extra boron atoms is, in general, detrimental to the hardness of WB3 because it leads to the formation of quasi-planar boron sheets that are less tightly connected with the adjacent tungsten layers. Very high concentrations of boron (x ≈ 1), give rise to a soft (Vickers hardness of ~8 GPa) and unstable hP20-WB4 structure that can be considered to be built of quasi-planar boron α-sheets separated by graphitic tungsten layers. By contrast, we show that the formation of tungsten vacancies leads to structures, e.g. W0.75B3+x , with Vickers hardnesses that are not only similar in value to the experimentally reported load-independent hardnesses greater than 20 GPa, but are also less sensitive to variations in the boron content.Nevill Gonzalez SzwackiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nevill Gonzalez Szwacki The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
description	Abstract Two-dimensional systems have strengthened their position as a key materials for novel applications. Very recently, boron joined the distinguished group of elements confirmed to possess 2D allotropes, named borophenes. In this work, we explore the stability and hardness of the highest borides of tungsten, which are built of borophenes separated by metal atoms. We show that the WB3+x compounds have Vickers hardnesses approaching 40 GPa only for small values of x. The insertion of extra boron atoms is, in general, detrimental to the hardness of WB3 because it leads to the formation of quasi-planar boron sheets that are less tightly connected with the adjacent tungsten layers. Very high concentrations of boron (x ≈ 1), give rise to a soft (Vickers hardness of ~8 GPa) and unstable hP20-WB4 structure that can be considered to be built of quasi-planar boron α-sheets separated by graphitic tungsten layers. By contrast, we show that the formation of tungsten vacancies leads to structures, e.g. W0.75B3+x , with Vickers hardnesses that are not only similar in value to the experimentally reported load-independent hardnesses greater than 20 GPa, but are also less sensitive to variations in the boron content.
format	article
author	Nevill Gonzalez Szwacki
author_facet	Nevill Gonzalez Szwacki
author_sort	Nevill Gonzalez Szwacki
title	The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
title_short	The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
title_full	The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
title_fullStr	The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
title_full_unstemmed	The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
title_sort	structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8687f4b3956c4b9ebc01bc514a8760b9
work_keys_str_mv	AT nevillgonzalezszwacki thestructureandhardnessofthehighestborideoftungstenaborophenebasedcompound AT nevillgonzalezszwacki structureandhardnessofthehighestborideoftungstenaborophenebasedcompound
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The structure and hardness of the highest boride of tungsten, a borophene-based compound

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