Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.

A general problem in learning is how the brain determines what lesson to learn (and what lessons not to learn). For example, sound localization is a behavior that is partially learned with the aid of vision. This process requires correctly matching a visual location to that of a sound. This is an in...

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Autores principales:	Daniel S Pages, Jennifer M Groh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8695e19a37ec4012b8f7dffa222ea410
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8695e19a37ec4012b8f7dffa222ea4102021-11-18T08:57:45ZLooking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0072562https://doaj.org/article/8695e19a37ec4012b8f7dffa222ea4102013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24009691/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A general problem in learning is how the brain determines what lesson to learn (and what lessons not to learn). For example, sound localization is a behavior that is partially learned with the aid of vision. This process requires correctly matching a visual location to that of a sound. This is an intrinsically circular problem when sound location is itself uncertain and the visual scene is rife with possible visual matches. Here, we develop a simple paradigm using visual guidance of sound localization to gain insight into how the brain confronts this type of circularity. We tested two competing hypotheses. 1: The brain guides sound location learning based on the synchrony or simultaneity of auditory-visual stimuli, potentially involving a Hebbian associative mechanism. 2: The brain uses a 'guess and check' heuristic in which visual feedback that is obtained after an eye movement to a sound alters future performance, perhaps by recruiting the brain's reward-related circuitry. We assessed the effects of exposure to visual stimuli spatially mismatched from sounds on performance of an interleaved auditory-only saccade task. We found that when humans and monkeys were provided the visual stimulus asynchronously with the sound but as feedback to an auditory-guided saccade, they shifted their subsequent auditory-only performance toward the direction of the visual cue by 1.3-1.7 degrees, or 22-28% of the original 6 degree visual-auditory mismatch. In contrast when the visual stimulus was presented synchronously with the sound but extinguished too quickly to provide this feedback, there was little change in subsequent auditory-only performance. Our results suggest that the outcome of our own actions is vital to localizing sounds correctly. Contrary to previous expectations, visual calibration of auditory space does not appear to require visual-auditory associations based on synchrony/simultaneity.Daniel S PagesJennifer M GrohPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e72562 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniel S Pages Jennifer M Groh Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
description	A general problem in learning is how the brain determines what lesson to learn (and what lessons not to learn). For example, sound localization is a behavior that is partially learned with the aid of vision. This process requires correctly matching a visual location to that of a sound. This is an intrinsically circular problem when sound location is itself uncertain and the visual scene is rife with possible visual matches. Here, we develop a simple paradigm using visual guidance of sound localization to gain insight into how the brain confronts this type of circularity. We tested two competing hypotheses. 1: The brain guides sound location learning based on the synchrony or simultaneity of auditory-visual stimuli, potentially involving a Hebbian associative mechanism. 2: The brain uses a 'guess and check' heuristic in which visual feedback that is obtained after an eye movement to a sound alters future performance, perhaps by recruiting the brain's reward-related circuitry. We assessed the effects of exposure to visual stimuli spatially mismatched from sounds on performance of an interleaved auditory-only saccade task. We found that when humans and monkeys were provided the visual stimulus asynchronously with the sound but as feedback to an auditory-guided saccade, they shifted their subsequent auditory-only performance toward the direction of the visual cue by 1.3-1.7 degrees, or 22-28% of the original 6 degree visual-auditory mismatch. In contrast when the visual stimulus was presented synchronously with the sound but extinguished too quickly to provide this feedback, there was little change in subsequent auditory-only performance. Our results suggest that the outcome of our own actions is vital to localizing sounds correctly. Contrary to previous expectations, visual calibration of auditory space does not appear to require visual-auditory associations based on synchrony/simultaneity.
format	article
author	Daniel S Pages Jennifer M Groh
author_facet	Daniel S Pages Jennifer M Groh
author_sort	Daniel S Pages
title	Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
title_short	Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
title_full	Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
title_fullStr	Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
title_full_unstemmed	Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
title_sort	looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/8695e19a37ec4012b8f7dffa222ea410
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielspages lookingattheventriloquistvisualoutcomeofeyemovementscalibratessoundlocalization AT jennifermgroh lookingattheventriloquistvisualoutcomeofeyemovementscalibratessoundlocalization
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Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization.

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