Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.

Polyploidization results in genome duplication and is an important step in evolution and speciation. The Malus genome confirmed that this genus was derived through auto-polyploidization, yet the genetic and meiotic mechanisms for polyploidization, particularly for aneuploidization, are unclear in th...

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Autores principales:	Michael J Considine, Yizhen Wan, Mario F D'Antuono, Qian Zhou, Mingyu Han, Hua Gao, Man Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/86a209f970b7424685afcd97349b86d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:86a209f970b7424685afcd97349b86d32021-11-18T07:30:39ZMolecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0029449https://doaj.org/article/86a209f970b7424685afcd97349b86d32012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22253724/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Polyploidization results in genome duplication and is an important step in evolution and speciation. The Malus genome confirmed that this genus was derived through auto-polyploidization, yet the genetic and meiotic mechanisms for polyploidization, particularly for aneuploidization, are unclear in this genus or other woody perennials. In fact the contribution of aneuploidization remains poorly understood throughout Plantae. We add to this knowledge by characterization of eupolyploidization and aneuploidization in 27,542 F₁ seedlings from seven diploid Malus populations using cytology and microsatellite markers. We provide the first evidence that aneuploidy exceeds eupolyploidy in the diploid crosses, suggesting aneuploidization is a leading cause of genome duplication. Gametes from diploid Malus had a unique combinational pattern; ova preserved euploidy exclusively, while spermatozoa presented both euploidy and aneuploidy. All non-reduced gametes were genetically heterozygous, indicating first-division restitution was the exclusive mode for Malus eupolyploidization and aneuploidization. Chromosome segregation pattern among aneuploids was non-uniform, however, certain chromosomes were associated for aneuploidization. This study is the first to provide molecular evidence for the contribution of heterozygous non-reduced gametes to fitness in polyploids and aneuploids. Aneuploidization can increase, while eupolyploidization may decrease genetic diversity in their newly established populations. Auto-triploidization is important for speciation in the extant Malus. The features of Malus polyploidization confer genetic stability and diversity, and present heterozygosity, heterosis and adaptability for evolutionary selection. A protocol using co-dominant markers was proposed for accelerating apple triploid breeding program. A path was postulated for evolution of numerically odd basic chromosomes. The model for Malus derivation was considerably revised. Impacts of aneuploidization on speciation and evolution, and potential applications of aneuploids and polyploids in breeding and genetics for other species were evaluated in depth. This study greatly improves our understanding of evolution, speciation, and adaptation of the Malus genus, and provides strategies to exploit polyploidization in other species.Michael J ConsidineYizhen WanMario F D'AntuonoQian ZhouMingyu HanHua GaoMan WangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e29449 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael J Considine Yizhen Wan Mario F D'Antuono Qian Zhou Mingyu Han Hua Gao Man Wang Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.
description	Polyploidization results in genome duplication and is an important step in evolution and speciation. The Malus genome confirmed that this genus was derived through auto-polyploidization, yet the genetic and meiotic mechanisms for polyploidization, particularly for aneuploidization, are unclear in this genus or other woody perennials. In fact the contribution of aneuploidization remains poorly understood throughout Plantae. We add to this knowledge by characterization of eupolyploidization and aneuploidization in 27,542 F₁ seedlings from seven diploid Malus populations using cytology and microsatellite markers. We provide the first evidence that aneuploidy exceeds eupolyploidy in the diploid crosses, suggesting aneuploidization is a leading cause of genome duplication. Gametes from diploid Malus had a unique combinational pattern; ova preserved euploidy exclusively, while spermatozoa presented both euploidy and aneuploidy. All non-reduced gametes were genetically heterozygous, indicating first-division restitution was the exclusive mode for Malus eupolyploidization and aneuploidization. Chromosome segregation pattern among aneuploids was non-uniform, however, certain chromosomes were associated for aneuploidization. This study is the first to provide molecular evidence for the contribution of heterozygous non-reduced gametes to fitness in polyploids and aneuploids. Aneuploidization can increase, while eupolyploidization may decrease genetic diversity in their newly established populations. Auto-triploidization is important for speciation in the extant Malus. The features of Malus polyploidization confer genetic stability and diversity, and present heterozygosity, heterosis and adaptability for evolutionary selection. A protocol using co-dominant markers was proposed for accelerating apple triploid breeding program. A path was postulated for evolution of numerically odd basic chromosomes. The model for Malus derivation was considerably revised. Impacts of aneuploidization on speciation and evolution, and potential applications of aneuploids and polyploids in breeding and genetics for other species were evaluated in depth. This study greatly improves our understanding of evolution, speciation, and adaptation of the Malus genus, and provides strategies to exploit polyploidization in other species.
format	article
author	Michael J Considine Yizhen Wan Mario F D'Antuono Qian Zhou Mingyu Han Hua Gao Man Wang
author_facet	Michael J Considine Yizhen Wan Mario F D'Antuono Qian Zhou Mingyu Han Hua Gao Man Wang
author_sort	Michael J Considine
title	Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.
title_short	Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.
title_full	Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.
title_fullStr	Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.
title_sort	molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid malus.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/86a209f970b7424685afcd97349b86d3
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Molecular genetic features of polyploidization and aneuploidization reveal unique patterns for genome duplication in diploid Malus.

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