Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model

Abstract Drug-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat. Many UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We developed an intact rat model of UTI, by catheterizing female rats and introducing a bioluminescent UPEC strain into the female r...

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Autores principales:	Ying-Ying Huang, Anton Wintner, Patrick C. Seed, Timothy Brauns, Jeffrey A. Gelfand, Michael R. Hamblin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/86a95a14657c40bc8f19a711f50d79a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:86a95a14657c40bc8f19a711f50d79a72021-12-02T12:33:00ZAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model10.1038/s41598-018-25365-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/86a95a14657c40bc8f19a711f50d79a72018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25365-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Drug-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat. Many UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We developed an intact rat model of UTI, by catheterizing female rats and introducing a bioluminescent UPEC strain into the female rat bladder which lasted for up to six days. We recently showed that antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of a bacterial infection mediated by the well-known phenothiazinium salt, methylene blue (MB) could be strongly potentiated by addition of the non-toxic salt potassium iodide (KI). In the intact rat model we introduced MB into the bladder by catheter, followed by KI solution and delivered intravesicular illumination with a diffusing fiber connected to a 1 W 660 nm laser. Bioluminescent imaging of the bacterial burden was carried out during the procedure and for 6 days afterwards. Light-dose dependent loss of bioluminescence was observed with the combination of MB followed by KI, but recurrence of infection was seen the next day in some cases. aPDT with MB + KI gave a significantly shorter duration of infection compared to untreated controls. aPDT with MB alone was the least effective. No signs of aPDT damage to the bladder lining were detected. This procedure to treat urinary tract infections without antibiotics by using already approved pharmaceutical substances (MB and KI) may have clinical applicability, either initially as a stand-alone therapy, or as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy by a rapid and substantial reduction of the bacterial burden.Ying-Ying HuangAnton WintnerPatrick C. SeedTimothy BraunsJeffrey A. GelfandMichael R. HamblinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ying-Ying Huang Anton Wintner Patrick C. Seed Timothy Brauns Jeffrey A. Gelfand Michael R. Hamblin Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
description	Abstract Drug-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat. Many UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We developed an intact rat model of UTI, by catheterizing female rats and introducing a bioluminescent UPEC strain into the female rat bladder which lasted for up to six days. We recently showed that antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of a bacterial infection mediated by the well-known phenothiazinium salt, methylene blue (MB) could be strongly potentiated by addition of the non-toxic salt potassium iodide (KI). In the intact rat model we introduced MB into the bladder by catheter, followed by KI solution and delivered intravesicular illumination with a diffusing fiber connected to a 1 W 660 nm laser. Bioluminescent imaging of the bacterial burden was carried out during the procedure and for 6 days afterwards. Light-dose dependent loss of bioluminescence was observed with the combination of MB followed by KI, but recurrence of infection was seen the next day in some cases. aPDT with MB + KI gave a significantly shorter duration of infection compared to untreated controls. aPDT with MB alone was the least effective. No signs of aPDT damage to the bladder lining were detected. This procedure to treat urinary tract infections without antibiotics by using already approved pharmaceutical substances (MB and KI) may have clinical applicability, either initially as a stand-alone therapy, or as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy by a rapid and substantial reduction of the bacterial burden.
format	article
author	Ying-Ying Huang Anton Wintner Patrick C. Seed Timothy Brauns Jeffrey A. Gelfand Michael R. Hamblin
author_facet	Ying-Ying Huang Anton Wintner Patrick C. Seed Timothy Brauns Jeffrey A. Gelfand Michael R. Hamblin
author_sort	Ying-Ying Huang
title	Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
title_short	Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
title_full	Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
title_fullStr	Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
title_full_unstemmed	Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
title_sort	antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/86a95a14657c40bc8f19a711f50d79a7
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model

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