Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun

Abstract High brightness, high charge electron beams are critical for a number of advanced accelerator applications. The initial emittance of the electron beam, which is determined by the mean transverse energy (MTE) and laser spot size, is one of the most important parameters determining the beam q...

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Autores principales:	E. Wang, V. N. Litvinenko, I. Pinayev, M. Gaowei, J. Skaritka, S. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, J. C. Brutus, Y. Jing, J. Biswas, J. Ma, G. Narayan, I. Petrushina, O. Rahman, T. Xin, T. Rao, F. Severino, K. Shih, K. Smith, G. Wang, Y. Wu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/86ae14a4e83d4f5b8a2ebdd5385ceab6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:86ae14a4e83d4f5b8a2ebdd5385ceab62021-12-02T15:53:43ZLong lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun10.1038/s41598-021-83997-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/86ae14a4e83d4f5b8a2ebdd5385ceab62021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83997-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract High brightness, high charge electron beams are critical for a number of advanced accelerator applications. The initial emittance of the electron beam, which is determined by the mean transverse energy (MTE) and laser spot size, is one of the most important parameters determining the beam quality. The bialkali photocathodes illuminated by a visible laser have the advantages of high quantum efficiency (QE) and low MTE. Furthermore, Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) guns can operate in the continuous wave (CW) mode at high accelerating gradients, e.g. with significant reduction of the laser spot size at the photocathode. Combining the bialkali photocathode with the SRF gun enables generation of high charge, high brightness, and possibly high average current electron beams. However, integrating the high QE semiconductor photocathode into the SRF guns has been challenging. In this article, we report on the development of bialkali photocathodes for successful operation in the SRF gun with months-long lifetime while delivering CW beams with nano-coulomb charge per bunch. This achievement opens a new era for high charge, high brightness CW electron beams.E. WangV. N. LitvinenkoI. PinayevM. GaoweiJ. SkaritkaS. BelomestnykhI. Ben-ZviJ. C. BrutusY. JingJ. BiswasJ. MaG. NarayanI. PetrushinaO. RahmanT. XinT. RaoF. SeverinoK. ShihK. SmithG. WangY. WuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q E. Wang V. N. Litvinenko I. Pinayev M. Gaowei J. Skaritka S. Belomestnykh I. Ben-Zvi J. C. Brutus Y. Jing J. Biswas J. Ma G. Narayan I. Petrushina O. Rahman T. Xin T. Rao F. Severino K. Shih K. Smith G. Wang Y. Wu Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
description	Abstract High brightness, high charge electron beams are critical for a number of advanced accelerator applications. The initial emittance of the electron beam, which is determined by the mean transverse energy (MTE) and laser spot size, is one of the most important parameters determining the beam quality. The bialkali photocathodes illuminated by a visible laser have the advantages of high quantum efficiency (QE) and low MTE. Furthermore, Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) guns can operate in the continuous wave (CW) mode at high accelerating gradients, e.g. with significant reduction of the laser spot size at the photocathode. Combining the bialkali photocathode with the SRF gun enables generation of high charge, high brightness, and possibly high average current electron beams. However, integrating the high QE semiconductor photocathode into the SRF guns has been challenging. In this article, we report on the development of bialkali photocathodes for successful operation in the SRF gun with months-long lifetime while delivering CW beams with nano-coulomb charge per bunch. This achievement opens a new era for high charge, high brightness CW electron beams.
format	article
author	E. Wang V. N. Litvinenko I. Pinayev M. Gaowei J. Skaritka S. Belomestnykh I. Ben-Zvi J. C. Brutus Y. Jing J. Biswas J. Ma G. Narayan I. Petrushina O. Rahman T. Xin T. Rao F. Severino K. Shih K. Smith G. Wang Y. Wu
author_facet	E. Wang V. N. Litvinenko I. Pinayev M. Gaowei J. Skaritka S. Belomestnykh I. Ben-Zvi J. C. Brutus Y. Jing J. Biswas J. Ma G. Narayan I. Petrushina O. Rahman T. Xin T. Rao F. Severino K. Shih K. Smith G. Wang Y. Wu
author_sort	E. Wang
title	Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
title_short	Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
title_full	Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
title_fullStr	Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
title_full_unstemmed	Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
title_sort	long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/86ae14a4e83d4f5b8a2ebdd5385ceab6
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Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun

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