Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity

Abstract Consuming more energy than is expended may reflect a failure of control over eating behaviour in obesity. Behavioural control arises from a balance between two dissociable strategies of reinforcement learning: model-free and model-based. We hypothesized that weight status relates to an imba...

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Autores principales:	Lieneke K. Janssen, Florian P. Mahner, Florian Schlagenhauf, Lorenz Deserno, Annette Horstmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/86b68dcddb9f4c19a3e48347ecd94bc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:86b68dcddb9f4c19a3e48347ecd94bc42021-12-02T14:01:28ZReliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity10.1038/s41598-020-79929-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/86b68dcddb9f4c19a3e48347ecd94bc42020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79929-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Consuming more energy than is expended may reflect a failure of control over eating behaviour in obesity. Behavioural control arises from a balance between two dissociable strategies of reinforcement learning: model-free and model-based. We hypothesized that weight status relates to an imbalance in reliance on model-based and model-free control, and that it may do so in a linear or quadratic manner. To test this, 90 healthy participants in a wide BMI range [normal-weight (n = 31), overweight (n = 29), obese (n = 30)] performed a sequential decision-making task. The primary analysis indicated that obese participants relied less on model-based control than overweight and normal-weight participants, with no difference between overweight and normal-weight participants. In line, secondary continuous analyses revealed a negative linear, but not quadratic, relationship between BMI and model-based control. Computational modelling of choice behaviour suggested that a mixture of both strategies was shifted towards less model-based control in obese participants. Our findings suggest that obesity may indeed be related to an imbalance in behavioural control as expressed in a phenotype of less model-based control potentially resulting from enhanced reliance on model-free computations.Lieneke K. JanssenFlorian P. MahnerFlorian SchlagenhaufLorenz DesernoAnnette HorstmannNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lieneke K. Janssen Florian P. Mahner Florian Schlagenhauf Lorenz Deserno Annette Horstmann Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
description	Abstract Consuming more energy than is expended may reflect a failure of control over eating behaviour in obesity. Behavioural control arises from a balance between two dissociable strategies of reinforcement learning: model-free and model-based. We hypothesized that weight status relates to an imbalance in reliance on model-based and model-free control, and that it may do so in a linear or quadratic manner. To test this, 90 healthy participants in a wide BMI range [normal-weight (n = 31), overweight (n = 29), obese (n = 30)] performed a sequential decision-making task. The primary analysis indicated that obese participants relied less on model-based control than overweight and normal-weight participants, with no difference between overweight and normal-weight participants. In line, secondary continuous analyses revealed a negative linear, but not quadratic, relationship between BMI and model-based control. Computational modelling of choice behaviour suggested that a mixture of both strategies was shifted towards less model-based control in obese participants. Our findings suggest that obesity may indeed be related to an imbalance in behavioural control as expressed in a phenotype of less model-based control potentially resulting from enhanced reliance on model-free computations.
format	article
author	Lieneke K. Janssen Florian P. Mahner Florian Schlagenhauf Lorenz Deserno Annette Horstmann
author_facet	Lieneke K. Janssen Florian P. Mahner Florian Schlagenhauf Lorenz Deserno Annette Horstmann
author_sort	Lieneke K. Janssen
title	Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
title_short	Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
title_full	Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
title_fullStr	Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
title_full_unstemmed	Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
title_sort	reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/86b68dcddb9f4c19a3e48347ecd94bc4
work_keys_str_mv	AT lienekekjanssen relianceonmodelbasedandmodelfreecontrolinobesity AT florianpmahner relianceonmodelbasedandmodelfreecontrolinobesity AT florianschlagenhauf relianceonmodelbasedandmodelfreecontrolinobesity AT lorenzdeserno relianceonmodelbasedandmodelfreecontrolinobesity AT annettehorstmann relianceonmodelbasedandmodelfreecontrolinobesity
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Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity

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