Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.

We conducted thirteen immobilizations of previously collared hibernating two- to four-year-old brown bears (Ursus arctos) weighing 21-66 kg in central Sweden in winter 2010 and 2011 for comparative physiology research. Here we report, for the first time, an effective protocol for the capture and ane...

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Autores principales:	Alina L Evans, Veronica Sahlén, Ole-Gunnar Støen, Åsa Fahlman, Sven Brunberg, Knut Madslien, Ole Fröbert, Jon E Swenson, Jon M Arnemo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/86c5faa667934882992b8be325b4daca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:86c5faa667934882992b8be325b4daca2021-11-18T07:12:26ZCapture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0040520https://doaj.org/article/86c5faa667934882992b8be325b4daca2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22815757/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We conducted thirteen immobilizations of previously collared hibernating two- to four-year-old brown bears (Ursus arctos) weighing 21-66 kg in central Sweden in winter 2010 and 2011 for comparative physiology research. Here we report, for the first time, an effective protocol for the capture and anesthesia of free-ranging brown bears during hibernation and an assessment of the disturbance the captures caused. Bears were darted in anthill, soil, or uprooted tree dens on eleven occasions, but two bears in rock dens fled and were darted outside the den. We used medetomidine at 0.02-0.06 mg/kg and zolazepam-tiletamine at 0.9-2.8 mg/kg for anesthesia. In addition, ketamine at 1.5 mg/kg was hand-injected intramuscularly in four bears and in six it was included in the dart at 1.1-3.0 mg/kg. Once anesthetized, bears were removed from the dens. In nine bears, arterial blood samples were analyzed immediately with a portable blood gas analyzer. We corrected hypoxemia in seven bears (PaO(2) 57-74 mmHg) with supplemental oxygen. We placed the bears back into the dens and antagonized the effect of medetomidine with atipamezole. Capturing bears in the den significantly increased the risk of den abandonment. One of twelve collared bears that were captured remained at the original den until spring, and eleven, left their dens (mean ± standard deviation) 3.2±3.6 (range 0.5-10.5) days after capture. They used 1.9±0.9 intermediate resting sites, during 6.2±7.8 days before entering a new permanent den. The eleven new permanent dens were located 730±589 m from the original dens. We documented that it was feasible and safe to capture hibernating brown bears, although they behaved differently than black bears. When doing so, researchers should use 25% of the doses used for helicopter darting during the active period and should consider increased energetic costs associated with den abandonment.Alina L EvansVeronica SahlénOle-Gunnar StøenÅsa FahlmanSven BrunbergKnut MadslienOle FröbertJon E SwensonJon M ArnemoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e40520 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alina L Evans Veronica Sahlén Ole-Gunnar Støen Åsa Fahlman Sven Brunberg Knut Madslien Ole Fröbert Jon E Swenson Jon M Arnemo Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.
description	We conducted thirteen immobilizations of previously collared hibernating two- to four-year-old brown bears (Ursus arctos) weighing 21-66 kg in central Sweden in winter 2010 and 2011 for comparative physiology research. Here we report, for the first time, an effective protocol for the capture and anesthesia of free-ranging brown bears during hibernation and an assessment of the disturbance the captures caused. Bears were darted in anthill, soil, or uprooted tree dens on eleven occasions, but two bears in rock dens fled and were darted outside the den. We used medetomidine at 0.02-0.06 mg/kg and zolazepam-tiletamine at 0.9-2.8 mg/kg for anesthesia. In addition, ketamine at 1.5 mg/kg was hand-injected intramuscularly in four bears and in six it was included in the dart at 1.1-3.0 mg/kg. Once anesthetized, bears were removed from the dens. In nine bears, arterial blood samples were analyzed immediately with a portable blood gas analyzer. We corrected hypoxemia in seven bears (PaO(2) 57-74 mmHg) with supplemental oxygen. We placed the bears back into the dens and antagonized the effect of medetomidine with atipamezole. Capturing bears in the den significantly increased the risk of den abandonment. One of twelve collared bears that were captured remained at the original den until spring, and eleven, left their dens (mean ± standard deviation) 3.2±3.6 (range 0.5-10.5) days after capture. They used 1.9±0.9 intermediate resting sites, during 6.2±7.8 days before entering a new permanent den. The eleven new permanent dens were located 730±589 m from the original dens. We documented that it was feasible and safe to capture hibernating brown bears, although they behaved differently than black bears. When doing so, researchers should use 25% of the doses used for helicopter darting during the active period and should consider increased energetic costs associated with den abandonment.
format	article
author	Alina L Evans Veronica Sahlén Ole-Gunnar Støen Åsa Fahlman Sven Brunberg Knut Madslien Ole Fröbert Jon E Swenson Jon M Arnemo
author_facet	Alina L Evans Veronica Sahlén Ole-Gunnar Støen Åsa Fahlman Sven Brunberg Knut Madslien Ole Fröbert Jon E Swenson Jon M Arnemo
author_sort	Alina L Evans
title	Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.
title_short	Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.
title_full	Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.
title_fullStr	Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.
title_full_unstemmed	Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.
title_sort	capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (ursus arctos) during hibernation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/86c5faa667934882992b8be325b4daca
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Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) during hibernation.

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