Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.

Organisms have increased in complexity through a series of major evolutionary transitions, in which formerly autonomous entities become parts of a novel higher-level entity. One intriguing feature of the higher-level entity after some major transitions is a division of reproductive labor among its l...

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Autores principales:	Eric Libby, William Ratcliff, Michael Travisano, Ben Kerr
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/86e5fd6e2986487a8b4e032f55b4b4ee
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:86e5fd6e2986487a8b4e032f55b4b4ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:86e5fd6e2986487a8b4e032f55b4b4ee2021-11-25T05:40:44ZGeometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1003803https://doaj.org/article/86e5fd6e2986487a8b4e032f55b4b4ee2014-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003803https://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358Organisms have increased in complexity through a series of major evolutionary transitions, in which formerly autonomous entities become parts of a novel higher-level entity. One intriguing feature of the higher-level entity after some major transitions is a division of reproductive labor among its lower-level units in which reproduction is the sole responsibility of a subset of units. Although it can have clear benefits once established, it is unknown how such reproductive division of labor originates. We consider a recent evolution experiment on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a unique platform to address the issue of reproductive differentiation during an evolutionary transition in individuality. In the experiment, independent yeast lineages evolved a multicellular "snowflake-like" cluster formed in response to gravity selection. Shortly after the evolution of clusters, the yeast evolved higher rates of cell death. While cell death enables clusters to split apart and form new groups, it also reduces their performance in the face of gravity selection. To understand the selective value of increased cell death, we create a mathematical model of the cellular arrangement within snowflake yeast clusters. The model reveals that the mechanism of cell death and the geometry of the snowflake interact in complex, evolutionarily important ways. We find that the organization of snowflake yeast imposes powerful limitations on the available space for new cell growth. By dying more frequently, cells in clusters avoid encountering space limitations, and, paradoxically, reach higher numbers. In addition, selection for particular group sizes can explain the increased rate of apoptosis both in terms of total cell number and total numbers of collectives. Thus, by considering the geometry of a primitive multicellular organism we can gain insight into the initial emergence of reproductive division of labor during an evolutionary transition in individuality.Eric LibbyWilliam RatcliffMichael TravisanoBen KerrPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 10, Iss 9, p e1003803 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Eric Libby William Ratcliff Michael Travisano Ben Kerr Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
description	Organisms have increased in complexity through a series of major evolutionary transitions, in which formerly autonomous entities become parts of a novel higher-level entity. One intriguing feature of the higher-level entity after some major transitions is a division of reproductive labor among its lower-level units in which reproduction is the sole responsibility of a subset of units. Although it can have clear benefits once established, it is unknown how such reproductive division of labor originates. We consider a recent evolution experiment on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a unique platform to address the issue of reproductive differentiation during an evolutionary transition in individuality. In the experiment, independent yeast lineages evolved a multicellular "snowflake-like" cluster formed in response to gravity selection. Shortly after the evolution of clusters, the yeast evolved higher rates of cell death. While cell death enables clusters to split apart and form new groups, it also reduces their performance in the face of gravity selection. To understand the selective value of increased cell death, we create a mathematical model of the cellular arrangement within snowflake yeast clusters. The model reveals that the mechanism of cell death and the geometry of the snowflake interact in complex, evolutionarily important ways. We find that the organization of snowflake yeast imposes powerful limitations on the available space for new cell growth. By dying more frequently, cells in clusters avoid encountering space limitations, and, paradoxically, reach higher numbers. In addition, selection for particular group sizes can explain the increased rate of apoptosis both in terms of total cell number and total numbers of collectives. Thus, by considering the geometry of a primitive multicellular organism we can gain insight into the initial emergence of reproductive division of labor during an evolutionary transition in individuality.
format	article
author	Eric Libby William Ratcliff Michael Travisano Ben Kerr
author_facet	Eric Libby William Ratcliff Michael Travisano Ben Kerr
author_sort	Eric Libby
title	Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
title_short	Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
title_full	Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
title_fullStr	Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
title_full_unstemmed	Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
title_sort	geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/86e5fd6e2986487a8b4e032f55b4b4ee
work_keys_str_mv	AT ericlibby geometryshapesevolutionofearlymulticellularity AT williamratcliff geometryshapesevolutionofearlymulticellularity AT michaeltravisano geometryshapesevolutionofearlymulticellularity AT benkerr geometryshapesevolutionofearlymulticellularity
_version_	1718414527374032896

Geometry shapes evolution of early multicellularity.

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