Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis

(1) Background: The evolution and predictors of cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly understood. We aimed to define the temporal dynamics of cognition throughout the disease course and identify clinical and neuroimaging measures that predict CI. (2) Methods: This paper fea...

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Autores principales:	Elisabet Lopez-Soley, Eloy Martinez-Heras, Magi Andorra, Aleix Solanes, Joaquim Radua, Carmen Montejo, Salut Alba-Arbalat, Nuria Sola-Valls, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Maria Sepulveda, Lucia Romero-Pinel, Elvira Munteis, Jose E. Martínez-Rodríguez, Yolanda Blanco, Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina, Pablo Villoslada, Albert Saiz, Elisabeth Solana, Sara Llufriu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cognition cognitive impairment neuroimaging longitudinal predictors multiple sclerosis Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/870e2e731e6246dc83102927181328b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:870e2e731e6246dc83102927181328b82021-11-25T18:07:15ZDynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis10.3390/jpm111111072075-4426https://doaj.org/article/870e2e731e6246dc83102927181328b82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1107https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4426(1) Background: The evolution and predictors of cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly understood. We aimed to define the temporal dynamics of cognition throughout the disease course and identify clinical and neuroimaging measures that predict CI. (2) Methods: This paper features a longitudinal study with 212 patients who underwent several cognitive examinations at different time points. Dynamics of cognition were assessed using mixed-effects linear spline models. Machine learning techniques were used to identify which baseline demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging measures best predicted CI. (3) Results: In the first 5 years of MS, we detected an increase in the z-scores of global cognition, verbal memory, and information processing speed, which was followed by a decline in global cognition and memory (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between years 5 and 15. From 15 to 30 years of disease onset, cognitive decline continued, affecting global cognition and verbal memory. The baseline measures that best predicted CI were education, disease severity, lesion burden, and hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex volume. (4) Conclusions: In MS, cognition deteriorates 5 years after disease onset, declining steadily over the next 25 years and more markedly affecting verbal memory. Education, disease severity, lesion burden, and volume of limbic structures predict future CI and may be helpful when identifying at-risk patients.Elisabet Lopez-SoleyEloy Martinez-HerasMagi AndorraAleix SolanesJoaquim RaduaCarmen MontejoSalut Alba-ArbalatNuria Sola-VallsIrene Pulido-ValdeolivasMaria SepulvedaLucia Romero-PinelElvira MunteisJose E. Martínez-RodríguezYolanda BlancoElena H. Martinez-LapiscinaPablo VillosladaAlbert SaizElisabeth SolanaSara LlufriuMDPI AGarticlecognitioncognitive impairmentneuroimaginglongitudinalpredictorsmultiple sclerosisMedicineRENJournal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1107, p 1107 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cognition cognitive impairment neuroimaging longitudinal predictors multiple sclerosis Medicine R
spellingShingle	cognition cognitive impairment neuroimaging longitudinal predictors multiple sclerosis Medicine R Elisabet Lopez-Soley Eloy Martinez-Heras Magi Andorra Aleix Solanes Joaquim Radua Carmen Montejo Salut Alba-Arbalat Nuria Sola-Valls Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas Maria Sepulveda Lucia Romero-Pinel Elvira Munteis Jose E. Martínez-Rodríguez Yolanda Blanco Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina Pablo Villoslada Albert Saiz Elisabeth Solana Sara Llufriu Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
description	(1) Background: The evolution and predictors of cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly understood. We aimed to define the temporal dynamics of cognition throughout the disease course and identify clinical and neuroimaging measures that predict CI. (2) Methods: This paper features a longitudinal study with 212 patients who underwent several cognitive examinations at different time points. Dynamics of cognition were assessed using mixed-effects linear spline models. Machine learning techniques were used to identify which baseline demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging measures best predicted CI. (3) Results: In the first 5 years of MS, we detected an increase in the z-scores of global cognition, verbal memory, and information processing speed, which was followed by a decline in global cognition and memory (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between years 5 and 15. From 15 to 30 years of disease onset, cognitive decline continued, affecting global cognition and verbal memory. The baseline measures that best predicted CI were education, disease severity, lesion burden, and hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex volume. (4) Conclusions: In MS, cognition deteriorates 5 years after disease onset, declining steadily over the next 25 years and more markedly affecting verbal memory. Education, disease severity, lesion burden, and volume of limbic structures predict future CI and may be helpful when identifying at-risk patients.
format	article
author	Elisabet Lopez-Soley Eloy Martinez-Heras Magi Andorra Aleix Solanes Joaquim Radua Carmen Montejo Salut Alba-Arbalat Nuria Sola-Valls Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas Maria Sepulveda Lucia Romero-Pinel Elvira Munteis Jose E. Martínez-Rodríguez Yolanda Blanco Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina Pablo Villoslada Albert Saiz Elisabeth Solana Sara Llufriu
author_facet	Elisabet Lopez-Soley Eloy Martinez-Heras Magi Andorra Aleix Solanes Joaquim Radua Carmen Montejo Salut Alba-Arbalat Nuria Sola-Valls Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas Maria Sepulveda Lucia Romero-Pinel Elvira Munteis Jose E. Martínez-Rodríguez Yolanda Blanco Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina Pablo Villoslada Albert Saiz Elisabeth Solana Sara Llufriu
author_sort	Elisabet Lopez-Soley
title	Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
title_short	Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full	Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr	Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort	dynamics and predictors of cognitive impairment along the disease course in multiple sclerosis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/870e2e731e6246dc83102927181328b8
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Dynamics and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment along the Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis

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