Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19

As a new infectious disease, COVID-19 is spread through the respiratory tract in most cases. Its source and pathological mechanism are not clear. The most common clinical feature is pulmonary infection. Also, a lot patients have gastrointestinal symptoms. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a...

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Autores principales:	Hao Zhang, Bo Shao, Qin Dang, Zhuang Chen, Quanbo Zhou, Hong Luo, Weitang Yuan, Zhenqiang Sun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gastrointestinal tract gut–lung axis cytokine storm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) RAS system Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/87129a06e3c945819c0b01cee1f7efc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:87129a06e3c945819c0b01cee1f7efc42021-11-10T07:56:10ZPathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-191664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.674074https://doaj.org/article/87129a06e3c945819c0b01cee1f7efc42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.674074/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224As a new infectious disease, COVID-19 is spread through the respiratory tract in most cases. Its source and pathological mechanism are not clear. The most common clinical feature is pulmonary infection. Also, a lot patients have gastrointestinal symptoms. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, which is like SARS-CoV, a coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. The tissues and cells expressing ACE2 are potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the high expression of ACE2 in intestinal epithelial cells marks that SARS-CoV-2 may directly infect intestinal epithelial cells. Recent studies also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 existed and replicated in intestinal environment for a long time. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and RAS system leads to the decrease of local anti-inflammatory ability. The virus cycle leads to excessive imbalance of immune response and cytokine release. The downregulation of ACE2 after viral infection leads to gastrointestinal dysfunction. The above are the causes of gastrointestinal symptoms. Here, we reviewed the possible causes and mechanisms of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by COVID-19. Additionally, we discussed the influence of gastrointestinal symptoms on the prognosis of patients.Hao ZhangBo ShaoQin DangZhuang ChenQuanbo ZhouHong LuoWeitang YuanZhenqiang SunZhenqiang SunFrontiers Media S.A.articleangiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)gastrointestinal tractgut–lung axiscytokine stormcoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)RAS systemImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gastrointestinal tract gut–lung axis cytokine storm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) RAS system Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gastrointestinal tract gut–lung axis cytokine storm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) RAS system Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Hao Zhang Bo Shao Qin Dang Zhuang Chen Quanbo Zhou Hong Luo Weitang Yuan Zhenqiang Sun Zhenqiang Sun Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19
description	As a new infectious disease, COVID-19 is spread through the respiratory tract in most cases. Its source and pathological mechanism are not clear. The most common clinical feature is pulmonary infection. Also, a lot patients have gastrointestinal symptoms. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, which is like SARS-CoV, a coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. The tissues and cells expressing ACE2 are potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the high expression of ACE2 in intestinal epithelial cells marks that SARS-CoV-2 may directly infect intestinal epithelial cells. Recent studies also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 existed and replicated in intestinal environment for a long time. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and RAS system leads to the decrease of local anti-inflammatory ability. The virus cycle leads to excessive imbalance of immune response and cytokine release. The downregulation of ACE2 after viral infection leads to gastrointestinal dysfunction. The above are the causes of gastrointestinal symptoms. Here, we reviewed the possible causes and mechanisms of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by COVID-19. Additionally, we discussed the influence of gastrointestinal symptoms on the prognosis of patients.
format	article
author	Hao Zhang Bo Shao Qin Dang Zhuang Chen Quanbo Zhou Hong Luo Weitang Yuan Zhenqiang Sun Zhenqiang Sun
author_facet	Hao Zhang Bo Shao Qin Dang Zhuang Chen Quanbo Zhou Hong Luo Weitang Yuan Zhenqiang Sun Zhenqiang Sun
author_sort	Hao Zhang
title	Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19
title_short	Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19
title_full	Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19
title_fullStr	Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19
title_sort	pathogenesis and mechanism of gastrointestinal infection with covid-19
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/87129a06e3c945819c0b01cee1f7efc4
work_keys_str_mv	AT haozhang pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT boshao pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT qindang pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT zhuangchen pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT quanbozhou pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT hongluo pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT weitangyuan pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT zhenqiangsun pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19 AT zhenqiangsun pathogenesisandmechanismofgastrointestinalinfectionwithcovid19
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Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Infection With COVID-19

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