Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor

The transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor GPR109A has been previously shown to function as a receptor for niacin in mediating antilipolytic effects. Although administration of high doses of niacin has shown beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, however, it is often accompanied by disturbing sid...

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Autores principales:	Kiran Kumar Adepu, Sangita Kachhap, Andriy Anishkin, Sree V Chintapalli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/87149ff2a7314eaab54f9af2fb28c8d1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:87149ff2a7314eaab54f9af2fb28c8d12021-12-01T00:06:12ZStructural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor1177-932210.1177/11779322211056122https://doaj.org/article/87149ff2a7314eaab54f9af2fb28c8d12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/11779322211056122https://doaj.org/toc/1177-9322The transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor GPR109A has been previously shown to function as a receptor for niacin in mediating antilipolytic effects. Although administration of high doses of niacin has shown beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, however, it is often accompanied by disturbing side effects such as flushing, liver damage, glucose intolerance, or gastrointestinal problems. Thus, it is important to understand niacin-GPR109A interactions, which can be beneficial for the development of alternate drugs having antilipolytic effects with less or no side effects. To get into the structural insights on niacin binding to GPR109A, we have performed 100 nanoseconds long all-atom MD simulations of five niacin-GPR109A complexes (automatically docked pose 0, and randomly placed niacin in poses 1 to 4 in the receptor crevice) and analyzed using binding free energy calculations and H-bond analysis. Steered MD simulations were used to get an average force for niacin translocation between the bulk and the external crevice of the wild type and mutant (N86Y, W91 S, S178I, and triple mutant of all three residues) GPR109A receptors, as well as GPR109B (as a control that does not bind niacin). The H-bond analysis revealed that TMH3 residue R111 interacts with niacin in a total of 4 (poses 0 to 3) complexes, while residues C177, S178, and S179 contact niacin in complex pose 4, and all these complexes were energetically stable. According to steered MD simulations, all the GPR109A mutants and GPR109B required greater force than that of wild-type GPR109A to translocate in the external crevice, suggesting increased sterical obstacles. Thus, the residues N86 (at the junction of TMH2/ECL2), W91 (ECL2), R111 (TMH3), and ECL3 residues (C177, S178, S179) play an important role for optimal routing of niacin entry and to bind GPR109A.Kiran Kumar AdepuSangita KachhapAndriy AnishkinSree V ChintapalliSAGE PublishingarticleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBioinformatics and Biology Insights, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kiran Kumar Adepu Sangita Kachhap Andriy Anishkin Sree V Chintapalli Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor
description	The transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor GPR109A has been previously shown to function as a receptor for niacin in mediating antilipolytic effects. Although administration of high doses of niacin has shown beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, however, it is often accompanied by disturbing side effects such as flushing, liver damage, glucose intolerance, or gastrointestinal problems. Thus, it is important to understand niacin-GPR109A interactions, which can be beneficial for the development of alternate drugs having antilipolytic effects with less or no side effects. To get into the structural insights on niacin binding to GPR109A, we have performed 100 nanoseconds long all-atom MD simulations of five niacin-GPR109A complexes (automatically docked pose 0, and randomly placed niacin in poses 1 to 4 in the receptor crevice) and analyzed using binding free energy calculations and H-bond analysis. Steered MD simulations were used to get an average force for niacin translocation between the bulk and the external crevice of the wild type and mutant (N86Y, W91 S, S178I, and triple mutant of all three residues) GPR109A receptors, as well as GPR109B (as a control that does not bind niacin). The H-bond analysis revealed that TMH3 residue R111 interacts with niacin in a total of 4 (poses 0 to 3) complexes, while residues C177, S178, and S179 contact niacin in complex pose 4, and all these complexes were energetically stable. According to steered MD simulations, all the GPR109A mutants and GPR109B required greater force than that of wild-type GPR109A to translocate in the external crevice, suggesting increased sterical obstacles. Thus, the residues N86 (at the junction of TMH2/ECL2), W91 (ECL2), R111 (TMH3), and ECL3 residues (C177, S178, S179) play an important role for optimal routing of niacin entry and to bind GPR109A.
format	article
author	Kiran Kumar Adepu Sangita Kachhap Andriy Anishkin Sree V Chintapalli
author_facet	Kiran Kumar Adepu Sangita Kachhap Andriy Anishkin Sree V Chintapalli
author_sort	Kiran Kumar Adepu
title	Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor
title_short	Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor
title_full	Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor
title_fullStr	Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor
title_full_unstemmed	Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor
title_sort	structural and energetic insights into the interaction of niacin with the gpr109a receptor
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/87149ff2a7314eaab54f9af2fb28c8d1
work_keys_str_mv	AT kirankumaradepu structuralandenergeticinsightsintotheinteractionofniacinwiththegpr109areceptor AT sangitakachhap structuralandenergeticinsightsintotheinteractionofniacinwiththegpr109areceptor AT andriyanishkin structuralandenergeticinsightsintotheinteractionofniacinwiththegpr109areceptor AT sreevchintapalli structuralandenergeticinsightsintotheinteractionofniacinwiththegpr109areceptor
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Structural and Energetic Insights Into the Interaction of Niacin With the GPR109A Receptor

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