Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy

Ying Zhang, Chenguang Yu, Guanyi Huang, Changli Wang, Longping WenHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaAbstract: Four rare earth oxides have been shown to induce autophagy. Interestingly...

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Autores principales:	Ying Zhang, Chenguang Yu, Guanyi Huang, et al
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2010
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/872ed838ceeb44febc791e8349d0df56
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:872ed838ceeb44febc791e8349d0df562021-12-02T04:20:58ZNano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/872ed838ceeb44febc791e8349d0df562010-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/nano-rare-earth-oxides-induced-size-dependent-vacuolization-an-indepen-a5057https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Ying Zhang, Chenguang Yu, Guanyi Huang, Changli Wang, Longping WenHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaAbstract: Four rare earth oxides have been shown to induce autophagy. Interestingly, we often noticed plentiful vacuolization, which was not always involved in this autophagic process. In this study, we investigated three other rare-earth elements, including Yttrium (Y), &shy;Ytterbium (Yb), and &shy;Lanthanum (La). Autophagic effect could be induced by all of them but only Y2O3 and Yb2O3 could cause massive vacuolization. Y2O3 and Yb2O3 treated by sonication or centrifugation to reduce particle size were used to test vacuolization level in HeLa cell lines. The results showed that rare earth oxides-induced vacuolization is size-dependent and differs from autophagic pathway. To further clarify the characteristics of this autophagic process, we used MEF Atg-5 (autophagy associated gene 5) knockout cell line, and the result showed that the autophagic process induced by rare earth oxides is Atg-5-dependent and the observed vacuolization was independent from autophagy. Similar results could also be observed in our tests on 3-methyladenine(3-MA), a well-known autophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, for the first time, we clarified the relationship between massive vacuolization and autophagic process induced by rare earth oxides and pointed out the size effect of rare earth oxides on the formation of vacuoles, which give clues to further investigation on the mechanisms underlying their biological effects.Keywords: size-dependent, rare-earth oxides, vacuolization, autophagy Ying ZhangChenguang YuGuanyi Huanget alDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2010, Iss default, Pp 601-609 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Ying Zhang Chenguang Yu Guanyi Huang et al Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
description	Ying Zhang, Chenguang Yu, Guanyi Huang, Changli Wang, Longping WenHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaAbstract: Four rare earth oxides have been shown to induce autophagy. Interestingly, we often noticed plentiful vacuolization, which was not always involved in this autophagic process. In this study, we investigated three other rare-earth elements, including Yttrium (Y), &shy;Ytterbium (Yb), and &shy;Lanthanum (La). Autophagic effect could be induced by all of them but only Y2O3 and Yb2O3 could cause massive vacuolization. Y2O3 and Yb2O3 treated by sonication or centrifugation to reduce particle size were used to test vacuolization level in HeLa cell lines. The results showed that rare earth oxides-induced vacuolization is size-dependent and differs from autophagic pathway. To further clarify the characteristics of this autophagic process, we used MEF Atg-5 (autophagy associated gene 5) knockout cell line, and the result showed that the autophagic process induced by rare earth oxides is Atg-5-dependent and the observed vacuolization was independent from autophagy. Similar results could also be observed in our tests on 3-methyladenine(3-MA), a well-known autophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, for the first time, we clarified the relationship between massive vacuolization and autophagic process induced by rare earth oxides and pointed out the size effect of rare earth oxides on the formation of vacuoles, which give clues to further investigation on the mechanisms underlying their biological effects.Keywords: size-dependent, rare-earth oxides, vacuolization, autophagy
format	article
author	Ying Zhang Chenguang Yu Guanyi Huang et al
author_facet	Ying Zhang Chenguang Yu Guanyi Huang et al
author_sort	Ying Zhang
title	Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
title_short	Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
title_full	Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
title_fullStr	Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
title_full_unstemmed	Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
title_sort	nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/872ed838ceeb44febc791e8349d0df56
work_keys_str_mv	AT yingzhang nanorareearthoxidesinducedsizedependentvacuolizationanindependentpathwayfromautophagy AT chenguangyu nanorareearthoxidesinducedsizedependentvacuolizationanindependentpathwayfromautophagy AT guanyihuang nanorareearthoxidesinducedsizedependentvacuolizationanindependentpathwayfromautophagy AT etal nanorareearthoxidesinducedsizedependentvacuolizationanindependentpathwayfromautophagy
_version_	1718401321450602496

Nano rare-earth oxides induced size-dependent vacuolization: an independent pathway from autophagy

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