Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.

Head injury is a leading cause of morbidity and death in both industrialized and developing countries. It is estimated that brain injuries account for 15% of the burden of fatalities and disabilities, and represent the leading cause of death in young adults. Brain injury may be caused by an impact o...

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Autores principales:	Lizhen Wang, Jason Tak-Man Cheung, Fang Pu, Deyu Li, Ming Zhang, Yubo Fan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/873079006ab5460898bcdd7cd3d8efe6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:873079006ab5460898bcdd7cd3d8efe62021-11-18T07:35:44ZWhy do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0026490https://doaj.org/article/873079006ab5460898bcdd7cd3d8efe62011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22046293/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Head injury is a leading cause of morbidity and death in both industrialized and developing countries. It is estimated that brain injuries account for 15% of the burden of fatalities and disabilities, and represent the leading cause of death in young adults. Brain injury may be caused by an impact or a sudden change in the linear and/or angular velocity of the head. However, the woodpecker does not experience any head injury at the high speed of 6-7 m/s with a deceleration of 1000 g when it drums a tree trunk. It is still not known how woodpeckers protect their brain from impact injury. In order to investigate this, two synchronous high-speed video systems were used to observe the pecking process, and the force sensor was used to measure the peck force. The mechanical properties and macro/micro morphological structure in woodpecker's head were investigated using a mechanical testing system and micro-CT scanning. Finite element (FE) models of the woodpecker's head were established to study the dynamic intracranial responses. The result showed that macro/micro morphology of cranial bone and beak can be recognized as a major contributor to non-impact-injuries. This biomechanical analysis makes it possible to visualize events during woodpecker pecking and may inspire new approaches to prevention and treatment of human head injury.Lizhen WangJason Tak-Man CheungFang PuDeyu LiMing ZhangYubo FanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e26490 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lizhen Wang Jason Tak-Man Cheung Fang Pu Deyu Li Ming Zhang Yubo Fan Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
description	Head injury is a leading cause of morbidity and death in both industrialized and developing countries. It is estimated that brain injuries account for 15% of the burden of fatalities and disabilities, and represent the leading cause of death in young adults. Brain injury may be caused by an impact or a sudden change in the linear and/or angular velocity of the head. However, the woodpecker does not experience any head injury at the high speed of 6-7 m/s with a deceleration of 1000 g when it drums a tree trunk. It is still not known how woodpeckers protect their brain from impact injury. In order to investigate this, two synchronous high-speed video systems were used to observe the pecking process, and the force sensor was used to measure the peck force. The mechanical properties and macro/micro morphological structure in woodpecker's head were investigated using a mechanical testing system and micro-CT scanning. Finite element (FE) models of the woodpecker's head were established to study the dynamic intracranial responses. The result showed that macro/micro morphology of cranial bone and beak can be recognized as a major contributor to non-impact-injuries. This biomechanical analysis makes it possible to visualize events during woodpecker pecking and may inspire new approaches to prevention and treatment of human head injury.
format	article
author	Lizhen Wang Jason Tak-Man Cheung Fang Pu Deyu Li Ming Zhang Yubo Fan
author_facet	Lizhen Wang Jason Tak-Man Cheung Fang Pu Deyu Li Ming Zhang Yubo Fan
author_sort	Lizhen Wang
title	Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
title_short	Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
title_full	Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
title_fullStr	Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
title_full_unstemmed	Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
title_sort	why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/873079006ab5460898bcdd7cd3d8efe6
work_keys_str_mv	AT lizhenwang whydowoodpeckersresistheadimpactinjuryabiomechanicalinvestigation AT jasontakmancheung whydowoodpeckersresistheadimpactinjuryabiomechanicalinvestigation AT fangpu whydowoodpeckersresistheadimpactinjuryabiomechanicalinvestigation AT deyuli whydowoodpeckersresistheadimpactinjuryabiomechanicalinvestigation AT mingzhang whydowoodpeckersresistheadimpactinjuryabiomechanicalinvestigation AT yubofan whydowoodpeckersresistheadimpactinjuryabiomechanicalinvestigation
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Why do woodpeckers resist head impact injury: a biomechanical investigation.

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