Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.

The worldwide traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs sales figures have increased considerably to 50 billion US$ (2018). Astragali Radix (AR) is amongst the most often sold TCM herbs; sales in the European Union (EU) need European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval. However, comparisons of characteri...

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Autores principales:	Bijay Kafle, Jan P A Baak, Cato Brede
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/87459dee5e774994b058f6d3c69193f4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:87459dee5e774994b058f6d3c69193f42021-12-02T20:15:35ZMajor bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254273https://doaj.org/article/87459dee5e774994b058f6d3c69193f42021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254273https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The worldwide traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs sales figures have increased considerably to 50 billion US$ (2018). Astragali Radix (AR) is amongst the most often sold TCM herbs; sales in the European Union (EU) need European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval. However, comparisons of characteristic bioactive molecules concentrations in AR from different EU vendors are lacking. This study uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with standard addition to evaluate the influence of different sample and preparation types and ammonia treatment on bioactive molecules concentrations in AR. We also compare AR samples from different EU-vendors. Astragaloside IV (AG-IV), ononin and calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside concentrations were higher in root powder samples when extracted with boiled water than with ultrasonication using 70% methanol. AG-IV content was by far the highest in granulates from vendor 1 (202 ± 35 μg/g) but very low in hydrophilic concentrates from vendor 1 (32 ± 7 μg/g) and granulates from vendor 4 (36 ± 3 μg/g). Ammonia-treatment significantly increased AG-IV concentrations in all samples (e.g., to 536 ± 178 μg/g in vendor 1 granulates). Comparable effects were found for most other bioactive molecules. AG-IV and other bioactive molecules concentrations differed strongly depending on sample types, extraction processes, ammonia treatment-or-not and especially between different vendors samples. Ammonia-treatment is debatable, as it is supposed to convert other astragalosides, to AG-IV. The results indicate that routine quantitative analysis of major bioactive compounds present in AR, helps in quality control of AR and to guarantee the quality of commercial products.Bijay KafleJan P A BaakCato BredePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254273 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bijay Kafle Jan P A Baak Cato Brede Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
description	The worldwide traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs sales figures have increased considerably to 50 billion US$ (2018). Astragali Radix (AR) is amongst the most often sold TCM herbs; sales in the European Union (EU) need European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval. However, comparisons of characteristic bioactive molecules concentrations in AR from different EU vendors are lacking. This study uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with standard addition to evaluate the influence of different sample and preparation types and ammonia treatment on bioactive molecules concentrations in AR. We also compare AR samples from different EU-vendors. Astragaloside IV (AG-IV), ononin and calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside concentrations were higher in root powder samples when extracted with boiled water than with ultrasonication using 70% methanol. AG-IV content was by far the highest in granulates from vendor 1 (202 ± 35 μg/g) but very low in hydrophilic concentrates from vendor 1 (32 ± 7 μg/g) and granulates from vendor 4 (36 ± 3 μg/g). Ammonia-treatment significantly increased AG-IV concentrations in all samples (e.g., to 536 ± 178 μg/g in vendor 1 granulates). Comparable effects were found for most other bioactive molecules. AG-IV and other bioactive molecules concentrations differed strongly depending on sample types, extraction processes, ammonia treatment-or-not and especially between different vendors samples. Ammonia-treatment is debatable, as it is supposed to convert other astragalosides, to AG-IV. The results indicate that routine quantitative analysis of major bioactive compounds present in AR, helps in quality control of AR and to guarantee the quality of commercial products.
format	article
author	Bijay Kafle Jan P A Baak Cato Brede
author_facet	Bijay Kafle Jan P A Baak Cato Brede
author_sort	Bijay Kafle
title	Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
title_short	Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
title_full	Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
title_fullStr	Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
title_full_unstemmed	Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
title_sort	major bioactive chemical compounds in astragali radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/87459dee5e774994b058f6d3c69193f4
work_keys_str_mv	AT bijaykafle majorbioactivechemicalcompoundsinastragaliradixsamplesfromdifferentvendorsvarygreatly AT janpabaak majorbioactivechemicalcompoundsinastragaliradixsamplesfromdifferentvendorsvarygreatly AT catobrede majorbioactivechemicalcompoundsinastragaliradixsamplesfromdifferentvendorsvarygreatly
_version_	1718374538016718848

Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly.

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