HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females

Sean Jacobs, Karis Moxley, Jacqueline S Womersley, Georgina Spies, Sian MJ Hemmings, Soraya Seedat Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Purpose: Previous studies have independently provided evidence for the effects of H...

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Autores principales:	Jacobs S, Moxley K, Womersley JS, Spies G, Hemmings SMJ, Seedat S
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Neurocognitive impairment HIV Childhood trauma HPA-axis CRHBP CRHR1 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8758c02d65364df3b650f39148d9e45d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8758c02d65364df3b650f39148d9e45d2021-12-02T05:17:48ZHPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/8758c02d65364df3b650f39148d9e45d2018-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/hpa-axis-genes-as-potential-risk-variants-for-neurocognitive-decline-i-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Sean Jacobs, Karis Moxley, Jacqueline S Womersley, Georgina Spies, Sian MJ Hemmings, Soraya Seedat Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Purpose: Previous studies have independently provided evidence for the effects of HIV infection, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and early life trauma on neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study examined the interaction between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of two HPA axis genes, corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1; rs110402, rs242924, rs7209436, and rs4792888) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRHBP; rs32897, rs10062367, and rs1053989), childhood trauma, and HIV-associated NCI. Patients and methods: The sample comprised 128 HIV-positive Xhosa females of whom 88 (69%) had a history of childhood trauma. NCI was assessed using a battery of 17 measures sensitive to the effects of HIV, and the history of childhood trauma was assessed using the validated retrospective Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. Generalized linear regression models were used to compare allelic distribution by trauma status and global NCI. The association between genotype, childhood trauma, and cognitive scores was also evaluated using generalized linear regression models, assuming additive models for the SNPs, and ANOVA. Results: Of the seven polymorphisms assessed, only the rs10062367 variant of CRHBP was significantly associated with global NCI (P=0.034), independent of childhood trauma. This polymorphism was not significantly associated with z-scores on any specific cognitive domain. The interaction of childhood trauma and variants of CRHR1 was associated with poorer learning (rs110402) and/or recall (rs110402 and rs4792888). Conclusion: These findings suggest that CRHBP rs10062367 A allele is a possible risk variant for NCI in HIV, independent of childhood trauma. Furthermore, results show that the interaction of childhood trauma with variants of CRHR1, rs110402 and rs4792888, confer added vulnerability to NCI in HIV-infected individuals in cognitive domains that are known to be impacted by HIV. While these findings need independent replication in larger samples, it adds CRHBP and CRHR1 to the list of known genes linked to HIV- and childhood trauma-associated neurocognitive phenotypes. Keywords: neurocognitive impairment, HIV, childhood trauma, HPA-axis, CRHBP, CRHR1Jacobs SMoxley KWomersley JSSpies GHemmings SMJSeedat SDove Medical PressarticleNeurocognitive impairmentHIVChildhood traumaHPA-axisCRHBPCRHR1Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 14, Pp 2497-2504 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurocognitive impairment HIV Childhood trauma HPA-axis CRHBP CRHR1 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurocognitive impairment HIV Childhood trauma HPA-axis CRHBP CRHR1 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Jacobs S Moxley K Womersley JS Spies G Hemmings SMJ Seedat S HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females
description	Sean Jacobs, Karis Moxley, Jacqueline S Womersley, Georgina Spies, Sian MJ Hemmings, Soraya Seedat Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Purpose: Previous studies have independently provided evidence for the effects of HIV infection, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and early life trauma on neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study examined the interaction between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of two HPA axis genes, corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1; rs110402, rs242924, rs7209436, and rs4792888) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRHBP; rs32897, rs10062367, and rs1053989), childhood trauma, and HIV-associated NCI. Patients and methods: The sample comprised 128 HIV-positive Xhosa females of whom 88 (69%) had a history of childhood trauma. NCI was assessed using a battery of 17 measures sensitive to the effects of HIV, and the history of childhood trauma was assessed using the validated retrospective Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. Generalized linear regression models were used to compare allelic distribution by trauma status and global NCI. The association between genotype, childhood trauma, and cognitive scores was also evaluated using generalized linear regression models, assuming additive models for the SNPs, and ANOVA. Results: Of the seven polymorphisms assessed, only the rs10062367 variant of CRHBP was significantly associated with global NCI (P=0.034), independent of childhood trauma. This polymorphism was not significantly associated with z-scores on any specific cognitive domain. The interaction of childhood trauma and variants of CRHR1 was associated with poorer learning (rs110402) and/or recall (rs110402 and rs4792888). Conclusion: These findings suggest that CRHBP rs10062367 A allele is a possible risk variant for NCI in HIV, independent of childhood trauma. Furthermore, results show that the interaction of childhood trauma with variants of CRHR1, rs110402 and rs4792888, confer added vulnerability to NCI in HIV-infected individuals in cognitive domains that are known to be impacted by HIV. While these findings need independent replication in larger samples, it adds CRHBP and CRHR1 to the list of known genes linked to HIV- and childhood trauma-associated neurocognitive phenotypes. Keywords: neurocognitive impairment, HIV, childhood trauma, HPA-axis, CRHBP, CRHR1
format	article
author	Jacobs S Moxley K Womersley JS Spies G Hemmings SMJ Seedat S
author_facet	Jacobs S Moxley K Womersley JS Spies G Hemmings SMJ Seedat S
author_sort	Jacobs S
title	HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females
title_short	HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females
title_full	HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females
title_fullStr	HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females
title_full_unstemmed	HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females
title_sort	hpa-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, hiv-positive females
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/8758c02d65364df3b650f39148d9e45d
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_version_	1718400481209876480

HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females

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