Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities

Research suggests that racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 in the US are largely driven by higher rates of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among Hispanic/Latino and Black populations. Occupational exposures play a large role in structuring risk of exposure, and essential workers are at elevated risk of COV...

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Autores principales:	Alina S. Schnake-Mahl, Mariana Lazo, Kristina Dureja, Nahian Ehtesham, Usama Bilal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Occupation Disparities Urban health COVID-19 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8776d3e8ad7d4d83a5a7f02d95c30762
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8776d3e8ad7d4d83a5a7f02d95c307622021-11-20T05:07:35ZRacial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities2352-827310.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100959https://doaj.org/article/8776d3e8ad7d4d83a5a7f02d95c307622021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321002342https://doaj.org/toc/2352-8273Research suggests that racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 in the US are largely driven by higher rates of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among Hispanic/Latino and Black populations. Occupational exposures play a large role in structuring risk of exposure, and essential workers are at elevated risk of COVID-19 infection. At a national-level, workers categorized as “essential” and “high-risk” are disproportionately Hispanic/Latino, but we lack analysis examining local-level racial/ethnic disparities in potential occupational exposures. Using the 2015–2019 5-year American Community Survey, we estimated disparities between the proportion of US Born Hispanic/Latino, foreign-born Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic white (NHW) essential or high-risk workers in 27 of the largest metropolitan areas in the country. We found that, on average, 66.3%, 69.9%, and 62.6% of US-born Hispanics, foreign-born Hispanics, and NHW, respectively, are essential workers, while 50.7%, 49.9%, 49.5% are high exposure risk workers, respectively. The median absolute difference in proportions of US born Hispanic/Latino and NHW essential workers was 4.2%, and between foreign-born Hispanic/Latino and NHW essential workers was 7.5%, but these disparities varied widely by city. High likelihood of occupational transmission may help explain disparities in COVID-19 infection and mortality for Hispanic/Latino populations, especially foreign-born, and may also help explain heterogeneity in the magnitude of these disparities, with relevance for other acute infectious respiratory illnesses spread in the workplace.Alina S. Schnake-MahlMariana LazoKristina DurejaNahian EhteshamUsama BilalElsevierarticleOccupationDisparitiesUrban healthCOVID-19Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270Social sciences (General)H1-99ENSSM: Population Health, Vol 16, Iss , Pp 100959- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Occupation Disparities Urban health COVID-19 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	Occupation Disparities Urban health COVID-19 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Social sciences (General) H1-99 Alina S. Schnake-Mahl Mariana Lazo Kristina Dureja Nahian Ehtesham Usama Bilal Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities
description	Research suggests that racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 in the US are largely driven by higher rates of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among Hispanic/Latino and Black populations. Occupational exposures play a large role in structuring risk of exposure, and essential workers are at elevated risk of COVID-19 infection. At a national-level, workers categorized as “essential” and “high-risk” are disproportionately Hispanic/Latino, but we lack analysis examining local-level racial/ethnic disparities in potential occupational exposures. Using the 2015–2019 5-year American Community Survey, we estimated disparities between the proportion of US Born Hispanic/Latino, foreign-born Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic white (NHW) essential or high-risk workers in 27 of the largest metropolitan areas in the country. We found that, on average, 66.3%, 69.9%, and 62.6% of US-born Hispanics, foreign-born Hispanics, and NHW, respectively, are essential workers, while 50.7%, 49.9%, 49.5% are high exposure risk workers, respectively. The median absolute difference in proportions of US born Hispanic/Latino and NHW essential workers was 4.2%, and between foreign-born Hispanic/Latino and NHW essential workers was 7.5%, but these disparities varied widely by city. High likelihood of occupational transmission may help explain disparities in COVID-19 infection and mortality for Hispanic/Latino populations, especially foreign-born, and may also help explain heterogeneity in the magnitude of these disparities, with relevance for other acute infectious respiratory illnesses spread in the workplace.
format	article
author	Alina S. Schnake-Mahl Mariana Lazo Kristina Dureja Nahian Ehtesham Usama Bilal
author_facet	Alina S. Schnake-Mahl Mariana Lazo Kristina Dureja Nahian Ehtesham Usama Bilal
author_sort	Alina S. Schnake-Mahl
title	Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities
title_short	Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities
title_full	Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities
title_fullStr	Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities
title_full_unstemmed	Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities
title_sort	racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between us cities
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8776d3e8ad7d4d83a5a7f02d95c30762
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Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities

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