Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

Lytic or lysogenic infections by bacteriophages drive the evolution of enteric bacteria. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) have recently emerged as a significant zoonotic infection of humans with the main serotypes carried by ruminants. Typical EHEC strains are defined by the expression of a...

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Autores principales:	Xuefang Xu, Sean P McAteer, Jai J Tree, Darren J Shaw, Eliza B K Wolfson, Scott A Beatson, Andrew J Roe, Lesley J Allison, Margo E Chase-Topping, Arvind Mahajan, Rosangela Tozzoli, Mark E J Woolhouse, Stefano Morabito, David L Gally
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/877ebce2260d415c93f399dd32115a1d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:877ebce2260d415c93f399dd32115a1d2021-11-18T06:04:26ZLysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002672https://doaj.org/article/877ebce2260d415c93f399dd32115a1d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22615557/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Lytic or lysogenic infections by bacteriophages drive the evolution of enteric bacteria. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) have recently emerged as a significant zoonotic infection of humans with the main serotypes carried by ruminants. Typical EHEC strains are defined by the expression of a type III secretion (T3S) system, the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) and association with specific clinical symptoms. The genes for Stx are present on lambdoid bacteriophages integrated into the E. coli genome. Phage type (PT) 21/28 is the most prevalent strain type linked with human EHEC infections in the United Kingdom and is more likely to be associated with cattle shedding high levels of the organism than PT32 strains. In this study we have demonstrated that the majority (90%) of PT 21/28 strains contain both Stx2 and Stx2c phages, irrespective of source. This is in contrast to PT 32 strains for which only a minority of strains contain both Stx2 and 2c phages (28%). PT21/28 strains had a lower median level of T3S compared to PT32 strains and so the relationship between Stx phage lysogeny and T3S was investigated. Deletion of Stx2 phages from EHEC strains increased the level of T3S whereas lysogeny decreased T3S. This regulation was confirmed in an E. coli K12 background transduced with a marked Stx2 phage followed by measurement of a T3S reporter controlled by induced levels of the LEE-encoded regulator (Ler). The presence of an integrated Stx2 phage was shown to repress Ler induction of LEE1 and this regulation involved the CII phage regulator. This repression could be relieved by ectopic expression of a cognate CI regulator. A model is proposed in which Stx2-encoding bacteriophages regulate T3S to co-ordinate epithelial cell colonisation that is promoted by Stx and secreted effector proteins.Xuefang XuSean P McAteerJai J TreeDarren J ShawEliza B K WolfsonScott A BeatsonAndrew J RoeLesley J AllisonMargo E Chase-ToppingArvind MahajanRosangela TozzoliMark E J WoolhouseStefano MorabitoDavid L GallyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e1002672 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Xuefang Xu Sean P McAteer Jai J Tree Darren J Shaw Eliza B K Wolfson Scott A Beatson Andrew J Roe Lesley J Allison Margo E Chase-Topping Arvind Mahajan Rosangela Tozzoli Mark E J Woolhouse Stefano Morabito David L Gally Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
description	Lytic or lysogenic infections by bacteriophages drive the evolution of enteric bacteria. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) have recently emerged as a significant zoonotic infection of humans with the main serotypes carried by ruminants. Typical EHEC strains are defined by the expression of a type III secretion (T3S) system, the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) and association with specific clinical symptoms. The genes for Stx are present on lambdoid bacteriophages integrated into the E. coli genome. Phage type (PT) 21/28 is the most prevalent strain type linked with human EHEC infections in the United Kingdom and is more likely to be associated with cattle shedding high levels of the organism than PT32 strains. In this study we have demonstrated that the majority (90%) of PT 21/28 strains contain both Stx2 and Stx2c phages, irrespective of source. This is in contrast to PT 32 strains for which only a minority of strains contain both Stx2 and 2c phages (28%). PT21/28 strains had a lower median level of T3S compared to PT32 strains and so the relationship between Stx phage lysogeny and T3S was investigated. Deletion of Stx2 phages from EHEC strains increased the level of T3S whereas lysogeny decreased T3S. This regulation was confirmed in an E. coli K12 background transduced with a marked Stx2 phage followed by measurement of a T3S reporter controlled by induced levels of the LEE-encoded regulator (Ler). The presence of an integrated Stx2 phage was shown to repress Ler induction of LEE1 and this regulation involved the CII phage regulator. This repression could be relieved by ectopic expression of a cognate CI regulator. A model is proposed in which Stx2-encoding bacteriophages regulate T3S to co-ordinate epithelial cell colonisation that is promoted by Stx and secreted effector proteins.
format	article
author	Xuefang Xu Sean P McAteer Jai J Tree Darren J Shaw Eliza B K Wolfson Scott A Beatson Andrew J Roe Lesley J Allison Margo E Chase-Topping Arvind Mahajan Rosangela Tozzoli Mark E J Woolhouse Stefano Morabito David L Gally
author_facet	Xuefang Xu Sean P McAteer Jai J Tree Darren J Shaw Eliza B K Wolfson Scott A Beatson Andrew J Roe Lesley J Allison Margo E Chase-Topping Arvind Mahajan Rosangela Tozzoli Mark E J Woolhouse Stefano Morabito David L Gally
author_sort	Xuefang Xu
title	Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
title_short	Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
title_full	Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
title_fullStr	Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
title_full_unstemmed	Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
title_sort	lysogeny with shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type iii secretion in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/877ebce2260d415c93f399dd32115a1d
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Lysogeny with Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages represses type III secretion in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

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