Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria

ABSTRACT Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Propionibacterium species are dominant skin commensals and...

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Autores principales: Emma Barnard, Tremylla Johnson, Tracy Ngo, Uma Arora, Gunilla Leuterio, Andrew McDowell, Huiying Li
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Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2020
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:87acaeeb84b34984868436c109d26bcf2021-11-15T15:27:53ZPorphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria10.1128/mSphere.00793-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/87acaeeb84b34984868436c109d26bcf2020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00793-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Propionibacterium species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Propionibacterium avidum, and Propionibacterium humerusii strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with P. acnes type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than P. acnes type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. P. acnes strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B12 supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated P. acnes strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most Propionibacterium strains harboring the deoR repressor gene, with the exception of P. acnes strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of P. acnes as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. IMPORTANCE Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of Propionibacterium acnes, the most dominant skin Propionibacterium, and other resident skin propionibacteria, including P. granulosum, P. avidum, and P. humerusii. We revealed that P. acnes type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.Emma BarnardTremylla JohnsonTracy NgoUma AroraGunilla LeuterioAndrew McDowellHuiying LiAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlePropionibacterium acnespropionibacteriaporphyrinacneskin microbiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2020)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Propionibacterium acnes
propionibacteria
porphyrin
acne
skin microbiome
Microbiology
QR1-502
spellingShingle Propionibacterium acnes
propionibacteria
porphyrin
acne
skin microbiome
Microbiology
QR1-502
Emma Barnard
Tremylla Johnson
Tracy Ngo
Uma Arora
Gunilla Leuterio
Andrew McDowell
Huiying Li
Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria
description ABSTRACT Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Propionibacterium species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Propionibacterium avidum, and Propionibacterium humerusii strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with P. acnes type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than P. acnes type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. P. acnes strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B12 supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated P. acnes strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most Propionibacterium strains harboring the deoR repressor gene, with the exception of P. acnes strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of P. acnes as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. IMPORTANCE Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of Propionibacterium acnes, the most dominant skin Propionibacterium, and other resident skin propionibacteria, including P. granulosum, P. avidum, and P. humerusii. We revealed that P. acnes type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.
format article
author Emma Barnard
Tremylla Johnson
Tracy Ngo
Uma Arora
Gunilla Leuterio
Andrew McDowell
Huiying Li
author_facet Emma Barnard
Tremylla Johnson
Tracy Ngo
Uma Arora
Gunilla Leuterio
Andrew McDowell
Huiying Li
author_sort Emma Barnard
title Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria
title_short Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria
title_full Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria
title_fullStr Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria
title_full_unstemmed Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria
title_sort porphyrin production and regulation in cutaneous propionibacteria
publisher American Society for Microbiology
publishDate 2020
url https://doaj.org/article/87acaeeb84b34984868436c109d26bcf
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AT gunillaleuterio porphyrinproductionandregulationincutaneouspropionibacteria
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