Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study

This study aimed to determine the water demand of a municipal swimming pool complex to propose water use efficiency measures. Concomitantly, the possibility of recycling and reusing the water from filter backwashing was evaluated. The pools consumed 25.6% of water, the filter backwashing 24.5%, and...

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Autores principales:	Flora Silva, Ana M. Antão-Geraldes, Carmem Zavattieri, Maria João Afonso, Flávio Freire, António Albuquerque
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	water efficiency indoor municipal swimming pools economic viability filter washings reuse Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/87f15ac80c524f27a4e84ae56bd39901
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:87f15ac80c524f27a4e84ae56bd39901
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:87f15ac80c524f27a4e84ae56bd399012021-11-25T16:30:54ZImproving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study10.3390/app1122105302076-3417https://doaj.org/article/87f15ac80c524f27a4e84ae56bd399012021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10530https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417This study aimed to determine the water demand of a municipal swimming pool complex to propose water use efficiency measures. Concomitantly, the possibility of recycling and reusing the water from filter backwashing was evaluated. The pools consumed 25.6% of water, the filter backwashing 24.5%, and the showers 34.7%. Despite the current impossibility of reducing water consumption in pools and filter backwashing, it is feasible to promote more efficient use of water through reducing water consumption by adopting simple water-saving initiatives for showers, taps, and flushing cisterns. These were organized into three distinct scenarios: (a) flushing cistern volume adjustment and the replacement of washbasin and kitchen taps; (b) flushing cistern volume adjustment and shower replacement and (c) flushing cistern volume adjustment, shower, washbasin, and kitchen taps replacement. Under scenarios 1, 2, and 3, the water consumption reduction was 8.0, 13.2, and 20.4%, respectively. The initial investment for scenario 1 was €2290.5, €859.0 for scenario 2 and €3149.5 for scenario 3; the annual water bill reduction was €7115.4, €11,518.1, and €17,655.9, respectively. Therefore, the turnover of the investment was four (scenario 1), one (scenario 2), and three months (scenario 3). The filter washings attained the required standard for irrigation after being subjected to 15 h of sedimentation.Flora SilvaAna M. Antão-GeraldesCarmem ZavattieriMaria João AfonsoFlávio FreireAntónio AlbuquerqueMDPI AGarticlewater efficiencyindoor municipal swimming poolseconomic viabilityfilter washings reuseTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10530, p 10530 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	water efficiency indoor municipal swimming pools economic viability filter washings reuse Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	water efficiency indoor municipal swimming pools economic viability filter washings reuse Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Flora Silva Ana M. Antão-Geraldes Carmem Zavattieri Maria João Afonso Flávio Freire António Albuquerque Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study
description	This study aimed to determine the water demand of a municipal swimming pool complex to propose water use efficiency measures. Concomitantly, the possibility of recycling and reusing the water from filter backwashing was evaluated. The pools consumed 25.6% of water, the filter backwashing 24.5%, and the showers 34.7%. Despite the current impossibility of reducing water consumption in pools and filter backwashing, it is feasible to promote more efficient use of water through reducing water consumption by adopting simple water-saving initiatives for showers, taps, and flushing cisterns. These were organized into three distinct scenarios: (a) flushing cistern volume adjustment and the replacement of washbasin and kitchen taps; (b) flushing cistern volume adjustment and shower replacement and (c) flushing cistern volume adjustment, shower, washbasin, and kitchen taps replacement. Under scenarios 1, 2, and 3, the water consumption reduction was 8.0, 13.2, and 20.4%, respectively. The initial investment for scenario 1 was €2290.5, €859.0 for scenario 2 and €3149.5 for scenario 3; the annual water bill reduction was €7115.4, €11,518.1, and €17,655.9, respectively. Therefore, the turnover of the investment was four (scenario 1), one (scenario 2), and three months (scenario 3). The filter washings attained the required standard for irrigation after being subjected to 15 h of sedimentation.
format	article
author	Flora Silva Ana M. Antão-Geraldes Carmem Zavattieri Maria João Afonso Flávio Freire António Albuquerque
author_facet	Flora Silva Ana M. Antão-Geraldes Carmem Zavattieri Maria João Afonso Flávio Freire António Albuquerque
author_sort	Flora Silva
title	Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study
title_short	Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study
title_full	Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study
title_fullStr	Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study
title_full_unstemmed	Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study
title_sort	improving water efficiency in a municipal indoor swimming-pool complex: a case study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/87f15ac80c524f27a4e84ae56bd39901
work_keys_str_mv	AT florasilva improvingwaterefficiencyinamunicipalindoorswimmingpoolcomplexacasestudy AT anamantaogeraldes improvingwaterefficiencyinamunicipalindoorswimmingpoolcomplexacasestudy AT carmemzavattieri improvingwaterefficiencyinamunicipalindoorswimmingpoolcomplexacasestudy AT mariajoaoafonso improvingwaterefficiencyinamunicipalindoorswimmingpoolcomplexacasestudy AT flaviofreire improvingwaterefficiencyinamunicipalindoorswimmingpoolcomplexacasestudy AT antonioalbuquerque improvingwaterefficiencyinamunicipalindoorswimmingpoolcomplexacasestudy
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Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study

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