Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector

This paper presents the results of research related to the selection of materials for passive and active components of a three-layer piezoelectric cantilever converter. The transducer is intended for use in a low-pressure gas-phase injector executive system. To ensure the functionality of the inject...

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Autores principales:	Grzegorz Mieczkowski, Dariusz Szpica, Andrzej Borawski, Saulius Diliunas, Tilmute Pilkaite, Vitalis Leisis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	smart materials piezo actuator alternative fuel supply gas injector Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/87f3f1b8d4a24dc6bdb42d107a76772b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:87f3f1b8d4a24dc6bdb42d107a76772b2021-11-25T18:15:28ZApplication of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector10.3390/ma142269841996-1944https://doaj.org/article/87f3f1b8d4a24dc6bdb42d107a76772b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6984https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944This paper presents the results of research related to the selection of materials for passive and active components of a three-layer piezoelectric cantilever converter. The transducer is intended for use in a low-pressure gas-phase injector executive system. To ensure the functionality of the injector, its flow characteristics and the effective range of valve opening had to be determined. Therefore, a spatial model of the complete injector was developed, and the necessary flow analyses were performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in Ansys Fluent environment. The opening and closing of the injector valve are controlled by a piezoelectric transducer. Thus, its static electromechanical characteristics were found in analytical form. On this basis, the energy demand of the converter, required to obtain the desired valve opening, was determined. Assuming a constant transducer geometry, 40 variants of material combinations were considered. In the performed analyses, it was assumed that the passive elements of the actuator are made of typical materials used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) (copper, nickel, silicon alloys and aluminum alloys). As for the active components of the converter, it was assumed that they could be made of polymeric or ceramic piezoelectric materials. On the basis of the performed tests, it was found that the energy demand is most influenced by the relative stiffness of the transducer materials (Young’s modulus ratio) and the piezoelectric constant of the active component (<i>d</i><sub>31</sub>). Moreover, it was found that among the tested material combinations, the transducer made of silicon oxide and PTZ5H (soft piezoelectric ceramics) had the lowest energy consumption.Grzegorz MieczkowskiDariusz SzpicaAndrzej BorawskiSaulius DiliunasTilmute PilkaiteVitalis LeisisMDPI AGarticlesmart materialspiezo actuatoralternative fuel supplygas injectorTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6984, p 6984 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	smart materials piezo actuator alternative fuel supply gas injector Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	smart materials piezo actuator alternative fuel supply gas injector Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Grzegorz Mieczkowski Dariusz Szpica Andrzej Borawski Saulius Diliunas Tilmute Pilkaite Vitalis Leisis Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector
description	This paper presents the results of research related to the selection of materials for passive and active components of a three-layer piezoelectric cantilever converter. The transducer is intended for use in a low-pressure gas-phase injector executive system. To ensure the functionality of the injector, its flow characteristics and the effective range of valve opening had to be determined. Therefore, a spatial model of the complete injector was developed, and the necessary flow analyses were performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in Ansys Fluent environment. The opening and closing of the injector valve are controlled by a piezoelectric transducer. Thus, its static electromechanical characteristics were found in analytical form. On this basis, the energy demand of the converter, required to obtain the desired valve opening, was determined. Assuming a constant transducer geometry, 40 variants of material combinations were considered. In the performed analyses, it was assumed that the passive elements of the actuator are made of typical materials used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) (copper, nickel, silicon alloys and aluminum alloys). As for the active components of the converter, it was assumed that they could be made of polymeric or ceramic piezoelectric materials. On the basis of the performed tests, it was found that the energy demand is most influenced by the relative stiffness of the transducer materials (Young’s modulus ratio) and the piezoelectric constant of the active component (<i>d</i><sub>31</sub>). Moreover, it was found that among the tested material combinations, the transducer made of silicon oxide and PTZ5H (soft piezoelectric ceramics) had the lowest energy consumption.
format	article
author	Grzegorz Mieczkowski Dariusz Szpica Andrzej Borawski Saulius Diliunas Tilmute Pilkaite Vitalis Leisis
author_facet	Grzegorz Mieczkowski Dariusz Szpica Andrzej Borawski Saulius Diliunas Tilmute Pilkaite Vitalis Leisis
author_sort	Grzegorz Mieczkowski
title	Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector
title_short	Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector
title_full	Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector
title_fullStr	Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector
title_full_unstemmed	Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector
title_sort	application of smart materials in the actuation system of a gas injector
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/87f3f1b8d4a24dc6bdb42d107a76772b
work_keys_str_mv	AT grzegorzmieczkowski applicationofsmartmaterialsintheactuationsystemofagasinjector AT dariuszszpica applicationofsmartmaterialsintheactuationsystemofagasinjector AT andrzejborawski applicationofsmartmaterialsintheactuationsystemofagasinjector AT sauliusdiliunas applicationofsmartmaterialsintheactuationsystemofagasinjector AT tilmutepilkaite applicationofsmartmaterialsintheactuationsystemofagasinjector AT vitalisleisis applicationofsmartmaterialsintheactuationsystemofagasinjector
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Application of Smart Materials in the Actuation System of a Gas Injector

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