Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex

Abstract The excitability of brainstem circuitries mediating defensive blinking in response to abrupt sensory inputs is continuously modulated by cortical areas, e.g., the hand-blink reflex (HBR), elicited by intense electrical median nerve stimulation, is enhanced when the stimulated hand is close...

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Autores principales:	Viviana Versace, Stefania Campostrini, Luca Sebastianelli, Leopold Saltuari, Josep Valls-Solé, Markus Kofler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/87fc741516f949fdb04a14f9bd09e866
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:87fc741516f949fdb04a14f9bd09e8662021-12-02T13:20:04ZPrepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex10.1038/s41598-021-84241-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/87fc741516f949fdb04a14f9bd09e8662021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84241-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The excitability of brainstem circuitries mediating defensive blinking in response to abrupt sensory inputs is continuously modulated by cortical areas, e.g., the hand-blink reflex (HBR), elicited by intense electrical median nerve stimulation, is enhanced when the stimulated hand is close to the face, with the behavioural purpose to optimize self-protection from increased threat. Here we investigated whether such cortically mediated HBR facilitation can be influenced by prepulse inhibition (PPI), which is known to occur entirely at the subcortical level. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent HBR recordings in five experimental conditions. In conditions 1 and 2, the stimulated hand was held either near (1) or far (2) from the face, respectively. In conditions 3 and 4, stimulation of the hand near the face was preceded by a peri-liminal prepulse to the index finger of the contralateral hand held either near (3) or far from the face (4). In condition 5, participants self-triggered the stimulus eliciting the HBR. We observed a reproducible HBR in 14 out of 20 participants and measured onset latency and area of the HBR in orbicularis oculi muscles bilaterally. HBR area decreased and latency increased in condition 2 relative to condition 1; HBR area decreased and latency increased markedly in condition 3, and somewhat less in condition 4, relative to conditions 1 and 2; self-stimulation (condition 5) also suppressed HBRs, but less than prepulses. These findings indicate that PPI of the HBR is more robust than the cognitive modulation exerted by top-down cortical projections. Possibly, an attentional shift to a prepulse may serve to reduce blinking in response to perturbation when it is convenient, in a given situation, not to interrupt ongoing visual processing.Viviana VersaceStefania CampostriniLuca SebastianelliLeopold SaltuariJosep Valls-SoléMarkus KoflerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Viviana Versace Stefania Campostrini Luca Sebastianelli Leopold Saltuari Josep Valls-Solé Markus Kofler Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
description	Abstract The excitability of brainstem circuitries mediating defensive blinking in response to abrupt sensory inputs is continuously modulated by cortical areas, e.g., the hand-blink reflex (HBR), elicited by intense electrical median nerve stimulation, is enhanced when the stimulated hand is close to the face, with the behavioural purpose to optimize self-protection from increased threat. Here we investigated whether such cortically mediated HBR facilitation can be influenced by prepulse inhibition (PPI), which is known to occur entirely at the subcortical level. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent HBR recordings in five experimental conditions. In conditions 1 and 2, the stimulated hand was held either near (1) or far (2) from the face, respectively. In conditions 3 and 4, stimulation of the hand near the face was preceded by a peri-liminal prepulse to the index finger of the contralateral hand held either near (3) or far from the face (4). In condition 5, participants self-triggered the stimulus eliciting the HBR. We observed a reproducible HBR in 14 out of 20 participants and measured onset latency and area of the HBR in orbicularis oculi muscles bilaterally. HBR area decreased and latency increased in condition 2 relative to condition 1; HBR area decreased and latency increased markedly in condition 3, and somewhat less in condition 4, relative to conditions 1 and 2; self-stimulation (condition 5) also suppressed HBRs, but less than prepulses. These findings indicate that PPI of the HBR is more robust than the cognitive modulation exerted by top-down cortical projections. Possibly, an attentional shift to a prepulse may serve to reduce blinking in response to perturbation when it is convenient, in a given situation, not to interrupt ongoing visual processing.
format	article
author	Viviana Versace Stefania Campostrini Luca Sebastianelli Leopold Saltuari Josep Valls-Solé Markus Kofler
author_facet	Viviana Versace Stefania Campostrini Luca Sebastianelli Leopold Saltuari Josep Valls-Solé Markus Kofler
author_sort	Viviana Versace
title	Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
title_short	Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
title_full	Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
title_fullStr	Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
title_full_unstemmed	Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
title_sort	prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/87fc741516f949fdb04a14f9bd09e866
work_keys_str_mv	AT vivianaversace prepulseinhibitionvscognitivemodulationofthehandblinkreflex AT stefaniacampostrini prepulseinhibitionvscognitivemodulationofthehandblinkreflex AT lucasebastianelli prepulseinhibitionvscognitivemodulationofthehandblinkreflex AT leopoldsaltuari prepulseinhibitionvscognitivemodulationofthehandblinkreflex AT josepvallssole prepulseinhibitionvscognitivemodulationofthehandblinkreflex AT markuskofler prepulseinhibitionvscognitivemodulationofthehandblinkreflex
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Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex

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