Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress

Kentucky bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i> L.), a turf grass species that is hypertolerant of cadmium (Cd), is a potential phytoremediation material for soil polluted with Cd. However, the mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity in Kentucky bluegrass is unclear. Here, we compared the phenotype, indu...

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Autores principales:	Yong Wang, Ting Cui, Kuiju Niu, Huiling Ma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cadmium stress Kentucky bluegrass oxidative stress carbohydrate content Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8827620b4a12449cbbe18b704cb659c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8827620b4a12449cbbe18b704cb659c32021-11-25T16:12:31ZComparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress10.3390/agronomy111123582073-4395https://doaj.org/article/8827620b4a12449cbbe18b704cb659c32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2358https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Kentucky bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i> L.), a turf grass species that is hypertolerant of cadmium (Cd), is a potential phytoremediation material for soil polluted with Cd. However, the mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity in Kentucky bluegrass is unclear. Here, we compared the phenotype, induction of oxidative stress, and structural and non-structural carbohydrate contents between a Cd-tolerant genotype (‘Midnight’, M) and Cd-sensitive genotype (‘Rugby’, R). The results showed that both genotypes accumulated more Cd in the roots, whereas the R genotype distributed more Cd into the leaves compared with the M genotype. In both genotypes, Cd inhibited the length and fresh weight of the leaves and roots; increased the peroxidase (POD) activity but inhibited ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activity; and increased the superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. However, the M genotype exhibited lower root length inhibition, and the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA contents confirmed that the M genotype had increased Cd accumulation and resistance, while the R genotype exhibited a better distribution of Cd. Moreover, Cd stress significantly increased the soluble sugar, trehalose, and sucrose contents of both genotypes. Pectin, lignin, and cellulose were significantly increased to prevent the entry of Cd into the roots. The Cd-induced growth inhibition and physiological responses in Kentucky bluegrass were preliminarily explored herein, with the chelation of pectin, lignification, and antioxidant response being possible contributors to Cd detoxification in Kentucky bluegrass. In addition, the Cd-induced increase in trehalose, sucrose, and soluble sugar contents might play a pivotal role in the defense against Cd stress in Kentucky bluegrass.Yong WangTing CuiKuiju NiuHuiling MaMDPI AGarticlecadmium stressKentucky bluegrassoxidative stresscarbohydrate contentAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2358, p 2358 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cadmium stress Kentucky bluegrass oxidative stress carbohydrate content Agriculture S
spellingShingle	cadmium stress Kentucky bluegrass oxidative stress carbohydrate content Agriculture S Yong Wang Ting Cui Kuiju Niu Huiling Ma Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
description	Kentucky bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i> L.), a turf grass species that is hypertolerant of cadmium (Cd), is a potential phytoremediation material for soil polluted with Cd. However, the mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity in Kentucky bluegrass is unclear. Here, we compared the phenotype, induction of oxidative stress, and structural and non-structural carbohydrate contents between a Cd-tolerant genotype (‘Midnight’, M) and Cd-sensitive genotype (‘Rugby’, R). The results showed that both genotypes accumulated more Cd in the roots, whereas the R genotype distributed more Cd into the leaves compared with the M genotype. In both genotypes, Cd inhibited the length and fresh weight of the leaves and roots; increased the peroxidase (POD) activity but inhibited ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activity; and increased the superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. However, the M genotype exhibited lower root length inhibition, and the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA contents confirmed that the M genotype had increased Cd accumulation and resistance, while the R genotype exhibited a better distribution of Cd. Moreover, Cd stress significantly increased the soluble sugar, trehalose, and sucrose contents of both genotypes. Pectin, lignin, and cellulose were significantly increased to prevent the entry of Cd into the roots. The Cd-induced growth inhibition and physiological responses in Kentucky bluegrass were preliminarily explored herein, with the chelation of pectin, lignification, and antioxidant response being possible contributors to Cd detoxification in Kentucky bluegrass. In addition, the Cd-induced increase in trehalose, sucrose, and soluble sugar contents might play a pivotal role in the defense against Cd stress in Kentucky bluegrass.
format	article
author	Yong Wang Ting Cui Kuiju Niu Huiling Ma
author_facet	Yong Wang Ting Cui Kuiju Niu Huiling Ma
author_sort	Yong Wang
title	Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
title_short	Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
title_full	Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
title_fullStr	Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
title_sort	comparison and characterization of oxidation resistance and carbohydrate content in cd-tolerant and -sensitive kentucky bluegrass under cd stress
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8827620b4a12449cbbe18b704cb659c3
work_keys_str_mv	AT yongwang comparisonandcharacterizationofoxidationresistanceandcarbohydratecontentincdtolerantandsensitivekentuckybluegrassundercdstress AT tingcui comparisonandcharacterizationofoxidationresistanceandcarbohydratecontentincdtolerantandsensitivekentuckybluegrassundercdstress AT kuijuniu comparisonandcharacterizationofoxidationresistanceandcarbohydratecontentincdtolerantandsensitivekentuckybluegrassundercdstress AT huilingma comparisonandcharacterizationofoxidationresistanceandcarbohydratecontentincdtolerantandsensitivekentuckybluegrassundercdstress
_version_	1718413268439007232

Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress

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