Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct

Abstract Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a pathogenic fish-virus belonging to the genus Betanodavirus (Nodaviridae). Surface protrusions on NNV particles play a crucial role in both antigenicity and infectivity. We exposed purified NNV particles to different physicochemical conditions to investigate...

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Autores principales:	Hyun Jung Gye, Toyohiko Nishizawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8847490b707740a79d7ca274e24b41ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8847490b707740a79d7ca274e24b41ec2021-12-02T12:09:05ZSites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct10.1038/s41598-021-83078-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8847490b707740a79d7ca274e24b41ec2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83078-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a pathogenic fish-virus belonging to the genus Betanodavirus (Nodaviridae). Surface protrusions on NNV particles play a crucial role in both antigenicity and infectivity. We exposed purified NNV particles to different physicochemical conditions to investigate the effects on antigenicity and infectivity, in order to reveal information regarding the conformational stability and spatial relationships of NNV neutralizing-antibody binding sites and cell receptor binding sites. Treatment with PBS at 37 °C, drastically reduced NNV antigenicity by 66–79% on day one, whereas its infectivity declined gradually from 107.6 to 105.8 TCID50/ml over 10 days. When NNV was treated with carbonate/bicarbonate buffers at different pHs, both antigenicity and infectivity of NNV declined due to higher pH. However, the rate of decline with respect to antigenicity was more moderate than for infectivity. NNV antigenicity declined 75–84% after treatment with 2.0 M urea, however, there was no reduction observed in infectivity. The antibodies used in antigenicity experiments have high NNV-neutralizing titers and recognize conformational epitopes on surface protrusions. The maintenance of NNV infectivity means that receptor binding sites are functionally preserved. Therefore, it seems highly likely that NNV neutralizing-antibody binding sites and receptor binding sites are independently located on surface protrusions.Hyun Jung GyeToyohiko NishizawaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hyun Jung Gye Toyohiko Nishizawa Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct
description	Abstract Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a pathogenic fish-virus belonging to the genus Betanodavirus (Nodaviridae). Surface protrusions on NNV particles play a crucial role in both antigenicity and infectivity. We exposed purified NNV particles to different physicochemical conditions to investigate the effects on antigenicity and infectivity, in order to reveal information regarding the conformational stability and spatial relationships of NNV neutralizing-antibody binding sites and cell receptor binding sites. Treatment with PBS at 37 °C, drastically reduced NNV antigenicity by 66–79% on day one, whereas its infectivity declined gradually from 107.6 to 105.8 TCID50/ml over 10 days. When NNV was treated with carbonate/bicarbonate buffers at different pHs, both antigenicity and infectivity of NNV declined due to higher pH. However, the rate of decline with respect to antigenicity was more moderate than for infectivity. NNV antigenicity declined 75–84% after treatment with 2.0 M urea, however, there was no reduction observed in infectivity. The antibodies used in antigenicity experiments have high NNV-neutralizing titers and recognize conformational epitopes on surface protrusions. The maintenance of NNV infectivity means that receptor binding sites are functionally preserved. Therefore, it seems highly likely that NNV neutralizing-antibody binding sites and receptor binding sites are independently located on surface protrusions.
format	article
author	Hyun Jung Gye Toyohiko Nishizawa
author_facet	Hyun Jung Gye Toyohiko Nishizawa
author_sort	Hyun Jung Gye
title	Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct
title_short	Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct
title_full	Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct
title_fullStr	Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct
title_full_unstemmed	Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct
title_sort	sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (nnv) appear to be distinct
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8847490b707740a79d7ca274e24b41ec
work_keys_str_mv	AT hyunjunggye sitesresponsibleforinfectivityandantigenicityonnervousnecrosisvirusnnvappeartobedistinct AT toyohikonishizawa sitesresponsibleforinfectivityandantigenicityonnervousnecrosisvirusnnvappeartobedistinct
_version_	1718394701405487104

Sites responsible for infectivity and antigenicity on nervous necrosis virus (NNV) appear to be distinct

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