Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses

How to design a simple and scalable procedure for manufacturing multifunctional carbon-based nanoparticles using lignocellulosic biomass directly is a challenging task. Based on the green chemistry concept, we developed a novel one-pot solution-phase reaction to prepare carbon-encapsulated magnetic...

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Autores principales:	Linxin Dai, Zhi Jin, Xinge Liu, Long Feng, Jianfeng Ma, Zhe Ling
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	rattan holocelluloses ionic liquids pretreatment Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> loading carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8850e9a8ef05407d9f391bff74e99672
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8850e9a8ef05407d9f391bff74e996722021-11-25T17:16:49ZGreen Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses10.3390/coatings111113972079-6412https://doaj.org/article/8850e9a8ef05407d9f391bff74e996722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/11/1397https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6412How to design a simple and scalable procedure for manufacturing multifunctional carbon-based nanoparticles using lignocellulosic biomass directly is a challenging task. Based on the green chemistry concept, we developed a novel one-pot solution-phase reaction to prepare carbon-encapsulated magnetic nano-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C) with a tunable structure and composition through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> loaded rattan holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (EmimAc and AmimCl). The detailed characterization results indicated that the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C synthesized from the holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (ILs) under alkaline conditions tends to have a higher saturation magnetization, probably due to the increased iron ions loading. Moreover, increasing the HTC temperature led to an increased abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the synthesized particles and an elevated saturation magnetization. When EmimAc-treated holocelluloses were used as the carbon precursors, well-encapsulated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C nanoparticles were obtained with a maximum saturation magnetization of 42.6 emu/g. This synthetic strategy, coupled with the structure of the iron carbide-based composite and the proposed mechanism, may open a new avenue for the development of carbon-encapsulated iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles.Linxin DaiZhi JinXinge LiuLong FengJianfeng MaZhe LingMDPI AGarticlerattan holocellulosesionic liquids pretreatmentFe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> loadingcarbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticlesEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENCoatings, Vol 11, Iss 1397, p 1397 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rattan holocelluloses ionic liquids pretreatment Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> loading carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	rattan holocelluloses ionic liquids pretreatment Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> loading carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Linxin Dai Zhi Jin Xinge Liu Long Feng Jianfeng Ma Zhe Ling Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses
description	How to design a simple and scalable procedure for manufacturing multifunctional carbon-based nanoparticles using lignocellulosic biomass directly is a challenging task. Based on the green chemistry concept, we developed a novel one-pot solution-phase reaction to prepare carbon-encapsulated magnetic nano-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C) with a tunable structure and composition through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> loaded rattan holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (EmimAc and AmimCl). The detailed characterization results indicated that the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C synthesized from the holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (ILs) under alkaline conditions tends to have a higher saturation magnetization, probably due to the increased iron ions loading. Moreover, increasing the HTC temperature led to an increased abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the synthesized particles and an elevated saturation magnetization. When EmimAc-treated holocelluloses were used as the carbon precursors, well-encapsulated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C nanoparticles were obtained with a maximum saturation magnetization of 42.6 emu/g. This synthetic strategy, coupled with the structure of the iron carbide-based composite and the proposed mechanism, may open a new avenue for the development of carbon-encapsulated iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles.
format	article
author	Linxin Dai Zhi Jin Xinge Liu Long Feng Jianfeng Ma Zhe Ling
author_facet	Linxin Dai Zhi Jin Xinge Liu Long Feng Jianfeng Ma Zhe Ling
author_sort	Linxin Dai
title	Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses
title_short	Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses
title_full	Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses
title_fullStr	Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses
title_full_unstemmed	Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses
title_sort	green synthesis of carbon-encapsulated magnetic fe<sub>3</sub>o<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles using hydrothermal carbonization from rattan holocelluloses
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8850e9a8ef05407d9f391bff74e99672
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_version_	1718412542307467264

Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses

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