Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts

Abstract Schistosomiasis persists in Asian regions despite aggressive elimination measures. To identify factors enabling continued parasite transmission, we performed reduced representation genome sequencing on Schistosoma japonicum miracidia collected across multiple years from transmission hotspot...

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Autores principales:	Jonathan A. Shortt, Laura E. Timm, Nicole R. Hales, Zachary L. Nikolakis, Drew R. Schield, Blair W. Perry, Yang Liu, Bo Zhong, Todd A. Castoe, Elizabeth J. Carlton, David D. Pollock
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/88ac916eacf44902a474faab6be79854
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:88ac916eacf44902a474faab6be798542021-12-02T11:45:02ZPopulation genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts10.1038/s41598-021-86287-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/88ac916eacf44902a474faab6be798542021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86287-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Schistosomiasis persists in Asian regions despite aggressive elimination measures. To identify factors enabling continued parasite transmission, we performed reduced representation genome sequencing on Schistosoma japonicum miracidia collected across multiple years from transmission hotspots in Sichuan, China. We discovered strong geographic structure, suggesting that local, rather than imported, reservoirs are key sources of persistent infections in the region. At the village level, parasites collected after referral for praziquantel treatment are closely related to local pre-treatment populations. Schistosomes within villages are also highly related, suggesting that only a few parasites from a limited number of hosts drive re-infection. The close familial relationships among miracidia from different human hosts also implicate short transmission routes among humans. At the individual host level, genetic evidence indicates that multiple humans retained infections following referral for treatment. Our findings suggest that end-game schistosomiasis control measures should focus on completely extirpating local parasite reservoirs and confirming successful treatment of infected human hosts.Jonathan A. ShorttLaura E. TimmNicole R. HalesZachary L. NikolakisDrew R. SchieldBlair W. PerryYang LiuBo ZhongTodd A. CastoeElizabeth J. CarltonDavid D. PollockNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jonathan A. Shortt Laura E. Timm Nicole R. Hales Zachary L. Nikolakis Drew R. Schield Blair W. Perry Yang Liu Bo Zhong Todd A. Castoe Elizabeth J. Carlton David D. Pollock Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
description	Abstract Schistosomiasis persists in Asian regions despite aggressive elimination measures. To identify factors enabling continued parasite transmission, we performed reduced representation genome sequencing on Schistosoma japonicum miracidia collected across multiple years from transmission hotspots in Sichuan, China. We discovered strong geographic structure, suggesting that local, rather than imported, reservoirs are key sources of persistent infections in the region. At the village level, parasites collected after referral for praziquantel treatment are closely related to local pre-treatment populations. Schistosomes within villages are also highly related, suggesting that only a few parasites from a limited number of hosts drive re-infection. The close familial relationships among miracidia from different human hosts also implicate short transmission routes among humans. At the individual host level, genetic evidence indicates that multiple humans retained infections following referral for treatment. Our findings suggest that end-game schistosomiasis control measures should focus on completely extirpating local parasite reservoirs and confirming successful treatment of infected human hosts.
format	article
author	Jonathan A. Shortt Laura E. Timm Nicole R. Hales Zachary L. Nikolakis Drew R. Schield Blair W. Perry Yang Liu Bo Zhong Todd A. Castoe Elizabeth J. Carlton David D. Pollock
author_facet	Jonathan A. Shortt Laura E. Timm Nicole R. Hales Zachary L. Nikolakis Drew R. Schield Blair W. Perry Yang Liu Bo Zhong Todd A. Castoe Elizabeth J. Carlton David D. Pollock
author_sort	Jonathan A. Shortt
title	Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
title_short	Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
title_full	Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
title_fullStr	Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
title_full_unstemmed	Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
title_sort	population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/88ac916eacf44902a474faab6be79854
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Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts

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