Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Majed M Masadeh,1 Karem H Alzoubi,2 Majd M Masadeh,1 Zainah O Aburashed2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technolog...

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Autores principales:	Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Aburashed ZO
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	metformin antibacterial resistance multidrug resistant bacteria non-antibiotics mic adjuvant Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/88d03a74c96c4bf59085881ae31b479f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:88d03a74c96c4bf59085881ae31b479f2021-12-02T15:36:38ZMetformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria1179-1438https://doaj.org/article/88d03a74c96c4bf59085881ae31b479f2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/metformin-as-a-potential-adjuvant-antimicrobial-agent-against-multidru-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CPAAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1438Majed M Masadeh,1 Karem H Alzoubi,2 Majd M Masadeh,1 Zainah O Aburashed2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Majed M MasadehDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, JordanEmail mmmasadeh@just.edu.joIntroduction: The continuous increase in the incidence of bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics represents a worldwide health burden. A surrogate strategy to combat such crisis is to find compounds that restore the antimicrobial activity of the already existing antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria. Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic medication. It has proven benefits in other diseases including cancer, aging-related and infectious diseases. In this study, the potential effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to antibiotics was investigated.Methods: Two multidrug resistant bacterial strains were used; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; ATCC 33,591) and multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC BAA-2114). To assess its efficacy, metformin was combined with several antibiotics: levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, ampicillin, and doxycycline. The antibacterial effect of metformin was tested using the micro broth dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also measured. Cytotoxicity studies were also performed on mammalian cells to assess its safety.Results: Metformin exhibited an antibacterial effect when combined with the antibiotics on the two tested strains. It also showed low toxicity on the mammalian cells. Moreover, synergetic studies showed that metformin enhanced the effect of the combined antibiotics, as these combinations provide either a synergistic or additive effect with significant reduction in the MIC.Conclusion: Metformin exerts an adjuvant antibacterial effect; thus, it could be a possible candidate as an adjuvant therapy to reduce antimicrobial resistance.Keywords: metformin, antibacterial resistance, multidrug resistant bacteria, non-antibiotics, MIC, adjuvantMasadeh MMAlzoubi KHMasadeh MMAburashed ZODove Medical Pressarticlemetforminantibacterial resistancemultidrug resistant bacterianon-antibioticsmicadjuvantTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENClinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications, Vol Volume 13, Pp 83-90 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metformin antibacterial resistance multidrug resistant bacteria non-antibiotics mic adjuvant Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	metformin antibacterial resistance multidrug resistant bacteria non-antibiotics mic adjuvant Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Masadeh MM Alzoubi KH Masadeh MM Aburashed ZO Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
description	Majed M Masadeh,1 Karem H Alzoubi,2 Majd M Masadeh,1 Zainah O Aburashed2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Majed M MasadehDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, JordanEmail mmmasadeh@just.edu.joIntroduction: The continuous increase in the incidence of bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics represents a worldwide health burden. A surrogate strategy to combat such crisis is to find compounds that restore the antimicrobial activity of the already existing antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria. Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic medication. It has proven benefits in other diseases including cancer, aging-related and infectious diseases. In this study, the potential effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to antibiotics was investigated.Methods: Two multidrug resistant bacterial strains were used; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; ATCC 33,591) and multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC BAA-2114). To assess its efficacy, metformin was combined with several antibiotics: levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, ampicillin, and doxycycline. The antibacterial effect of metformin was tested using the micro broth dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also measured. Cytotoxicity studies were also performed on mammalian cells to assess its safety.Results: Metformin exhibited an antibacterial effect when combined with the antibiotics on the two tested strains. It also showed low toxicity on the mammalian cells. Moreover, synergetic studies showed that metformin enhanced the effect of the combined antibiotics, as these combinations provide either a synergistic or additive effect with significant reduction in the MIC.Conclusion: Metformin exerts an adjuvant antibacterial effect; thus, it could be a possible candidate as an adjuvant therapy to reduce antimicrobial resistance.Keywords: metformin, antibacterial resistance, multidrug resistant bacteria, non-antibiotics, MIC, adjuvant
format	article
author	Masadeh MM Alzoubi KH Masadeh MM Aburashed ZO
author_facet	Masadeh MM Alzoubi KH Masadeh MM Aburashed ZO
author_sort	Masadeh MM
title	Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
title_short	Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
title_full	Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
title_fullStr	Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed	Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
title_sort	metformin as a potential adjuvant antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant bacteria
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/88d03a74c96c4bf59085881ae31b479f
work_keys_str_mv	AT masadehmm metforminasapotentialadjuvantantimicrobialagentagainstmultidrugresistantbacteria AT alzoubikh metforminasapotentialadjuvantantimicrobialagentagainstmultidrugresistantbacteria AT masadehmm metforminasapotentialadjuvantantimicrobialagentagainstmultidrugresistantbacteria AT aburashedzo metforminasapotentialadjuvantantimicrobialagentagainstmultidrugresistantbacteria
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Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

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