A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)

The calcareous substrate of spring-fed fens makes them unique islands of biodiversity, hosting endangered, vulnerable, and protected vascular plants. Hence, spring-fed fens ecosystems require special conservation attention because many of them are destroyed (e.g. drained, forested) and it is extreme...

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Autores principales:	Mariusz Gałka, Angelica Feurdean, Thomas G. Sim, Kazimierz Tobolski, Liene Aunina, Karina Apolinarska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Climate change Peatland Plant macrofossils Mollusc Fire Plant succession Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/88d1ec456fc04487936b10e755bd3278
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:88d1ec456fc04487936b10e755bd32782021-12-01T04:50:56ZA multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107673https://doaj.org/article/88d1ec456fc04487936b10e755bd32782021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21003381https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XThe calcareous substrate of spring-fed fens makes them unique islands of biodiversity, hosting endangered, vulnerable, and protected vascular plants. Hence, spring-fed fens ecosystems require special conservation attention because many of them are destroyed (e.g. drained, forested) and it is extremely difficult or even impossible to restore the unique hydrogeological and geochemical conditions enabling their function. The long-term perspective of paleoecological studies allows indication of former wetland ecosystem states and provides understanding of their development over millennia. To examine the late Holocene dynamics of a calcareous spring-fed fen (Raganu Mire) ecosystem on the Baltic Sea coast (Latvia) in relation to environmental changes, substrate and human activity, we have undertaken high-resolution analyses of plant macrofossils, pollen, mollusc, stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes combined with radiocarbon dating (AMS) in three coring locations. Our study revealed that peat deposits began accumulating ca. 7000 cal. yr BP and calcareous deposits (tufa) from 1450 cal. yr BP, coinciding with regional hydrological changes. Several fire events occurred between 4000 and 1600 cal. yr BP, which appeared to have had a limited effect on local vegetation. The most significant changes in the forest and peatland ecosystems were at 3200 cal. yr BP associated with a dry climate stage and high fire activity, and then between 1400 and 500 cal. yr BP potentially associated with temperature changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age. Hydrological disturbances in the peatland catchment from 1400 cal. yr BP were most likely strengthened by human activity (deforestation) in this region. The relationship between the development of this peatland and changes in its catchment area, such as land cover changes or fluctuations in groundwater levels, suggest that protection and restoration of spring-fed fen ecosystems should also include the surrounding catchment. The presence of calcareous sediments, as well as appropriate temperature and local hydrological conditions appear to be the most crucial factors controlling Cladium marisus populations in our site - currently at the eastern limit of its distribution in Europe.Mariusz GałkaAngelica FeurdeanThomas G. SimKazimierz TobolskiLiene AuninaKarina ApolinarskaElsevierarticleClimate changePeatlandPlant macrofossilsMolluscFirePlant successionEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 126, Iss , Pp 107673- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Climate change Peatland Plant macrofossils Mollusc Fire Plant succession Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Climate change Peatland Plant macrofossils Mollusc Fire Plant succession Ecology QH540-549.5 Mariusz Gałka Angelica Feurdean Thomas G. Sim Kazimierz Tobolski Liene Aunina Karina Apolinarska A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)
description	The calcareous substrate of spring-fed fens makes them unique islands of biodiversity, hosting endangered, vulnerable, and protected vascular plants. Hence, spring-fed fens ecosystems require special conservation attention because many of them are destroyed (e.g. drained, forested) and it is extremely difficult or even impossible to restore the unique hydrogeological and geochemical conditions enabling their function. The long-term perspective of paleoecological studies allows indication of former wetland ecosystem states and provides understanding of their development over millennia. To examine the late Holocene dynamics of a calcareous spring-fed fen (Raganu Mire) ecosystem on the Baltic Sea coast (Latvia) in relation to environmental changes, substrate and human activity, we have undertaken high-resolution analyses of plant macrofossils, pollen, mollusc, stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes combined with radiocarbon dating (AMS) in three coring locations. Our study revealed that peat deposits began accumulating ca. 7000 cal. yr BP and calcareous deposits (tufa) from 1450 cal. yr BP, coinciding with regional hydrological changes. Several fire events occurred between 4000 and 1600 cal. yr BP, which appeared to have had a limited effect on local vegetation. The most significant changes in the forest and peatland ecosystems were at 3200 cal. yr BP associated with a dry climate stage and high fire activity, and then between 1400 and 500 cal. yr BP potentially associated with temperature changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age. Hydrological disturbances in the peatland catchment from 1400 cal. yr BP were most likely strengthened by human activity (deforestation) in this region. The relationship between the development of this peatland and changes in its catchment area, such as land cover changes or fluctuations in groundwater levels, suggest that protection and restoration of spring-fed fen ecosystems should also include the surrounding catchment. The presence of calcareous sediments, as well as appropriate temperature and local hydrological conditions appear to be the most crucial factors controlling Cladium marisus populations in our site - currently at the eastern limit of its distribution in Europe.
format	article
author	Mariusz Gałka Angelica Feurdean Thomas G. Sim Kazimierz Tobolski Liene Aunina Karina Apolinarska
author_facet	Mariusz Gałka Angelica Feurdean Thomas G. Sim Kazimierz Tobolski Liene Aunina Karina Apolinarska
author_sort	Mariusz Gałka
title	A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)
title_short	A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)
title_full	A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)
title_fullStr	A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)
title_full_unstemmed	A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)
title_sort	multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (raganu mire) and boreal forest at the se baltic coast (latvia)
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/88d1ec456fc04487936b10e755bd3278
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A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia)

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