Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes
Vulnerability to atmospheric carbonation is one of the major durability concerns for limestone calcined clay cement (LC<sup>3</sup>) concrete due to its relatively low overall alkalinity. In this study, the natural carbonation behaviors of ternary ordinary Portland cement-metakaolin-lime...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:88de367492504988bd2e2ef57db78c302021-11-25T19:04:41ZInfluence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes10.3390/su1322128332071-1050https://doaj.org/article/88de367492504988bd2e2ef57db78c302021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12833https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Vulnerability to atmospheric carbonation is one of the major durability concerns for limestone calcined clay cement (LC<sup>3</sup>) concrete due to its relatively low overall alkalinity. In this study, the natural carbonation behaviors of ternary ordinary Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone (OPC-MK-LS) blends containing various sulfate salts (i.e., anhydrous CaSO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) are studied, with the aim of revealing the influence of alkali cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>). Detailed analyses on the hydrated phase assemblage, composition, microstructure, and pore structure of LC<sup>3</sup> pastes prior to and post indoor carbonation are conducted. The results show that the incorporation of sulfate salts accelerates the setting and strength gain of LC<sup>3</sup> pastes, likely through enhancement of ettringite formation, but undermines its later age strength achievement due to the deleterious effect of alkali cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) on late age OPC hydration. The carbonation resistance of LC<sup>3</sup> systems is considerably undermined, particularly with the incorporation of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> or K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> salts, due to the simultaneous pore coarsening effect and reduced CO<sub>2</sub>-binding capacity. The carbonation-induced phase and microstructural alterations of LC<sup>3</sup> pastes are discussed and compared with those of reference OPC pastes.Ruoying LiHailong YeMDPI AGarticlelimestone calcined clay cementlow-carbon bindernatural carbonationdurability of concreteEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12833, p 12833 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
limestone calcined clay cement low-carbon binder natural carbonation durability of concrete Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
| spellingShingle |
limestone calcined clay cement low-carbon binder natural carbonation durability of concrete Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ruoying Li Hailong Ye Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes |
| description |
Vulnerability to atmospheric carbonation is one of the major durability concerns for limestone calcined clay cement (LC<sup>3</sup>) concrete due to its relatively low overall alkalinity. In this study, the natural carbonation behaviors of ternary ordinary Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone (OPC-MK-LS) blends containing various sulfate salts (i.e., anhydrous CaSO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) are studied, with the aim of revealing the influence of alkali cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>). Detailed analyses on the hydrated phase assemblage, composition, microstructure, and pore structure of LC<sup>3</sup> pastes prior to and post indoor carbonation are conducted. The results show that the incorporation of sulfate salts accelerates the setting and strength gain of LC<sup>3</sup> pastes, likely through enhancement of ettringite formation, but undermines its later age strength achievement due to the deleterious effect of alkali cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) on late age OPC hydration. The carbonation resistance of LC<sup>3</sup> systems is considerably undermined, particularly with the incorporation of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> or K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> salts, due to the simultaneous pore coarsening effect and reduced CO<sub>2</sub>-binding capacity. The carbonation-induced phase and microstructural alterations of LC<sup>3</sup> pastes are discussed and compared with those of reference OPC pastes. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Ruoying Li Hailong Ye |
| author_facet |
Ruoying Li Hailong Ye |
| author_sort |
Ruoying Li |
| title |
Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes |
| title_short |
Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes |
| title_full |
Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes |
| title_fullStr |
Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Alkalis on Natural Carbonation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Pastes |
| title_sort |
influence of alkalis on natural carbonation of limestone calcined clay cement pastes |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/88de367492504988bd2e2ef57db78c30 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT ruoyingli influenceofalkalisonnaturalcarbonationoflimestonecalcinedclaycementpastes AT hailongye influenceofalkalisonnaturalcarbonationoflimestonecalcinedclaycementpastes |
| _version_ |
1718410351012216832 |