Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Abstract Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight...

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Autores principales:	Komal Raj Rijal, Megha Raj Banjara, Binod Dhungel, Samarpan Kafle, Kedar Gautam, Bindu Ghimire, Prabina Ghimire, Samriddh Dhungel, Nabaraj Adhikari, Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Bipin Adhikari, Prakash Ghimire
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/88ea2a3e4d1e4058b44294511b07ccd4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:88ea2a3e4d1e4058b44294511b07ccd42021-12-02T15:02:31ZUse of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey10.1038/s41598-021-90812-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/88ea2a3e4d1e4058b44294511b07ccd42021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90812-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight districts of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2017. A total of 516 individuals participated in a face-to-face interview that included clinicians, private drug dispensers, patients, laboratories, public health centers/hospitals and, livestock and poultry farmers. Out of 516 respondents, 62.8% (324/516) were patients, 16.9% (87/516) were clinicians, 6.4% (33/516) were private drug dispensers. A significant proportion of patients (42.9%; 139/324) thought that fever could be treated with antibiotics. Majority (79%; 256/324) of the patients purchased antibiotics over the counter. The knowledge of antibiotics used among patients increased proportionately with the level of education: literate only [AOR = 1.4 (95% Cl = 0.6–4.4)], versus secondary education (8–10 grade) [AOR = 1.8 (95% Cl = 1.0–3.4)]. Adult patients were more aware of antibiotic resistance. Use of antibiotics over the counter was found high in this study. Knowledge, attitude and practice related to antibiotic among respondents showed significant gaps and need an urgent effort to mitigate such practice.Komal Raj RijalMegha Raj BanjaraBinod DhungelSamarpan KafleKedar GautamBindu GhimirePrabina GhimireSamriddh DhungelNabaraj AdhikariUpendra Thapa ShresthaDev Ram SunuwarBipin AdhikariPrakash GhimireNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Komal Raj Rijal Megha Raj Banjara Binod Dhungel Samarpan Kafle Kedar Gautam Bindu Ghimire Prabina Ghimire Samriddh Dhungel Nabaraj Adhikari Upendra Thapa Shrestha Dev Ram Sunuwar Bipin Adhikari Prakash Ghimire Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey
description	Abstract Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight districts of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2017. A total of 516 individuals participated in a face-to-face interview that included clinicians, private drug dispensers, patients, laboratories, public health centers/hospitals and, livestock and poultry farmers. Out of 516 respondents, 62.8% (324/516) were patients, 16.9% (87/516) were clinicians, 6.4% (33/516) were private drug dispensers. A significant proportion of patients (42.9%; 139/324) thought that fever could be treated with antibiotics. Majority (79%; 256/324) of the patients purchased antibiotics over the counter. The knowledge of antibiotics used among patients increased proportionately with the level of education: literate only [AOR = 1.4 (95% Cl = 0.6–4.4)], versus secondary education (8–10 grade) [AOR = 1.8 (95% Cl = 1.0–3.4)]. Adult patients were more aware of antibiotic resistance. Use of antibiotics over the counter was found high in this study. Knowledge, attitude and practice related to antibiotic among respondents showed significant gaps and need an urgent effort to mitigate such practice.
format	article
author	Komal Raj Rijal Megha Raj Banjara Binod Dhungel Samarpan Kafle Kedar Gautam Bindu Ghimire Prabina Ghimire Samriddh Dhungel Nabaraj Adhikari Upendra Thapa Shrestha Dev Ram Sunuwar Bipin Adhikari Prakash Ghimire
author_facet	Komal Raj Rijal Megha Raj Banjara Binod Dhungel Samarpan Kafle Kedar Gautam Bindu Ghimire Prabina Ghimire Samriddh Dhungel Nabaraj Adhikari Upendra Thapa Shrestha Dev Ram Sunuwar Bipin Adhikari Prakash Ghimire
author_sort	Komal Raj Rijal
title	Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey
title_short	Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey
title_full	Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey
title_fullStr	Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey
title_full_unstemmed	Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey
title_sort	use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in nepal: a nationwide survey
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/88ea2a3e4d1e4058b44294511b07ccd4
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Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

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