Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present

Intensive fish farming is a major industry, but the extent of organic matter (OM) and heavy metal pollution by fish farms is debated. This study established in situ reference conditions using geochemical parameters and fossil benthic foraminiferal assemblages in dated sediment cores to identify pote...

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Autores principales:	Anouk T. Klootwijk, Elisabeth Alve, Silvia Hess, Paul E. Renaud, Carsten Sørlie, Jane K. Dolven
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Biomonitoring Aquaculture Benthic foraminifera Geochemical parameters Macrofauna Ecological Quality Status Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/89102c84689e4d34ab7ebe28b0d485eb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89102c84689e4d34ab7ebe28b0d485eb2021-12-01T04:27:51ZMonitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106818https://doaj.org/article/89102c84689e4d34ab7ebe28b0d485eb2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20307561https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XIntensive fish farming is a major industry, but the extent of organic matter (OM) and heavy metal pollution by fish farms is debated. This study established in situ reference conditions using geochemical parameters and fossil benthic foraminiferal assemblages in dated sediment cores to identify potential impacts of fish farming in two basins of the inner Øksfjord, Northern Norway. Living (rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were used to assess the present day environmental conditions. The fossil foraminiferal records were compared with the living foraminifera, which in turn were compared with macrofaunal data. Long-term (>100 yrs) sediment core records of the geochemical parameters (TOC63, C/N, δ13CVPDB TOC and heavy metals) and foraminiferal indices (Norwegian Quality Index (fNQI), AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (fAMBI), fHlog2, ES100) did not indicate an impact from fish farming through time. Long-term changes in foraminiferal absolute abundances and relative abundances of ecological groups (EGs) reflecting organic matter (OM) tolerance suggest that the OM supply slightly increased compared to reference conditions. Relative abundances of Brizalina skagerrakensis and Epistominella vitrea, previously associated with phytodetrital input, suggest a minor increase in primary productivity compared to reference conditions. The Stainforthia group (S. fusiformis and S. feylingi), indicative of OM enrichment, in the living foraminiferal assemblages may indicate a response to fish farming activities, but foraminiferal seasonality could not be excluded as a potential cause. The indices of both fossil and living foraminifera, in addition to the macrofauna showed a good to high Ecological Quality Status (EcoQS) through time and at present. This indicates that environmental conditions have been and still are acceptable.Anouk T. KlootwijkElisabeth AlveSilvia HessPaul E. RenaudCarsten SørlieJane K. DolvenElsevierarticleBiomonitoringAquacultureBenthic foraminiferaGeochemical parametersMacrofaunaEcological Quality StatusEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 120, Iss , Pp 106818- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biomonitoring Aquaculture Benthic foraminifera Geochemical parameters Macrofauna Ecological Quality Status Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Biomonitoring Aquaculture Benthic foraminifera Geochemical parameters Macrofauna Ecological Quality Status Ecology QH540-549.5 Anouk T. Klootwijk Elisabeth Alve Silvia Hess Paul E. Renaud Carsten Sørlie Jane K. Dolven Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
description	Intensive fish farming is a major industry, but the extent of organic matter (OM) and heavy metal pollution by fish farms is debated. This study established in situ reference conditions using geochemical parameters and fossil benthic foraminiferal assemblages in dated sediment cores to identify potential impacts of fish farming in two basins of the inner Øksfjord, Northern Norway. Living (rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were used to assess the present day environmental conditions. The fossil foraminiferal records were compared with the living foraminifera, which in turn were compared with macrofaunal data. Long-term (>100 yrs) sediment core records of the geochemical parameters (TOC63, C/N, δ13CVPDB TOC and heavy metals) and foraminiferal indices (Norwegian Quality Index (fNQI), AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (fAMBI), fHlog2, ES100) did not indicate an impact from fish farming through time. Long-term changes in foraminiferal absolute abundances and relative abundances of ecological groups (EGs) reflecting organic matter (OM) tolerance suggest that the OM supply slightly increased compared to reference conditions. Relative abundances of Brizalina skagerrakensis and Epistominella vitrea, previously associated with phytodetrital input, suggest a minor increase in primary productivity compared to reference conditions. The Stainforthia group (S. fusiformis and S. feylingi), indicative of OM enrichment, in the living foraminiferal assemblages may indicate a response to fish farming activities, but foraminiferal seasonality could not be excluded as a potential cause. The indices of both fossil and living foraminifera, in addition to the macrofauna showed a good to high Ecological Quality Status (EcoQS) through time and at present. This indicates that environmental conditions have been and still are acceptable.
format	article
author	Anouk T. Klootwijk Elisabeth Alve Silvia Hess Paul E. Renaud Carsten Sørlie Jane K. Dolven
author_facet	Anouk T. Klootwijk Elisabeth Alve Silvia Hess Paul E. Renaud Carsten Sørlie Jane K. Dolven
author_sort	Anouk T. Klootwijk
title	Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
title_short	Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
title_full	Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
title_fullStr	Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
title_full_unstemmed	Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
title_sort	monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89102c84689e4d34ab7ebe28b0d485eb
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Monitoring environmental impacts of fish farms: Comparing reference conditions of sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminifera with the present

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