Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.

In agreement with historical documentation, several genetic studies have revealed ancestral links between the European Romani and India. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 27 Spanish Romani was sequenced in order to shed further light on the origins of this population. The data were analyzed to...

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Autores principales:	Alberto Gómez-Carballa, Jacobo Pardo-Seco, Laura Fachal, Ana Vega, Miriam Cebey, Nazareth Martinón-Torres, Federico Martinón-Torres, Antonio Salas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/891262c899634e0f8a3f03736f7c6ee7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:891262c899634e0f8a3f03736f7c6ee72021-11-18T08:51:08ZIndian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0075397https://doaj.org/article/891262c899634e0f8a3f03736f7c6ee72013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24143169/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In agreement with historical documentation, several genetic studies have revealed ancestral links between the European Romani and India. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 27 Spanish Romani was sequenced in order to shed further light on the origins of this population. The data were analyzed together with a large published dataset (mainly hypervariable region I [HVS-I] haplotypes) of Romani (N=1,353) and non-Romani worldwide populations (N>150,000). Analysis of mitogenomes allowed the characterization of various Romani-specific clades. M5a1b1a1 is the most distinctive European Romani haplogroup; it is present in all Romani groups at variable frequencies (with only sporadic findings in non-Romani) and represents 18% of their mtDNA pool. Its phylogeographic features indicate that M5a1b1a1 originated 1.5 thousand years ago (kya; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in a proto-Romani population living in Northwest India. U3 represents the most characteristic Romani haplogroup of European/Near Eastern origin (12.4%); it appears at dissimilar frequencies across the continent (Iberia: ≈ 31%; Eastern/Central Europe: ≈ 13%). All U3 mitogenomes of our Iberian Romani sample fall within a new sub-clade, U3b1c, which can be dated to 0.5 kya (95% CI: 0.3-0.7); therefore, signaling a lower bound for the founder event that followed admixture in Europe/Near East. Other minor European/Near Eastern haplogroups (e.g. H24, H88a) were also assimilated into the Romani by introgression with neighboring populations during their diaspora into Europe; yet some show a differentiation from the phylogenetically closest non-Romani counterpart. The phylogeny of Romani mitogenomes shows clear signatures of low effective population sizes and founder effects. Overall, these results are in good agreement with historical documentation, suggesting that cultural identity and relative isolation have allowed the Romani to preserve a distinctive mtDNA heritage, with some features linking them unequivocally to their ancestral Indian homeland.Alberto Gómez-CarballaJacobo Pardo-SecoLaura FachalAna VegaMiriam CebeyNazareth Martinón-TorresFederico Martinón-TorresAntonio SalasPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e75397 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alberto Gómez-Carballa Jacobo Pardo-Seco Laura Fachal Ana Vega Miriam Cebey Nazareth Martinón-Torres Federico Martinón-Torres Antonio Salas Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
description	In agreement with historical documentation, several genetic studies have revealed ancestral links between the European Romani and India. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 27 Spanish Romani was sequenced in order to shed further light on the origins of this population. The data were analyzed together with a large published dataset (mainly hypervariable region I [HVS-I] haplotypes) of Romani (N=1,353) and non-Romani worldwide populations (N>150,000). Analysis of mitogenomes allowed the characterization of various Romani-specific clades. M5a1b1a1 is the most distinctive European Romani haplogroup; it is present in all Romani groups at variable frequencies (with only sporadic findings in non-Romani) and represents 18% of their mtDNA pool. Its phylogeographic features indicate that M5a1b1a1 originated 1.5 thousand years ago (kya; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in a proto-Romani population living in Northwest India. U3 represents the most characteristic Romani haplogroup of European/Near Eastern origin (12.4%); it appears at dissimilar frequencies across the continent (Iberia: ≈ 31%; Eastern/Central Europe: ≈ 13%). All U3 mitogenomes of our Iberian Romani sample fall within a new sub-clade, U3b1c, which can be dated to 0.5 kya (95% CI: 0.3-0.7); therefore, signaling a lower bound for the founder event that followed admixture in Europe/Near East. Other minor European/Near Eastern haplogroups (e.g. H24, H88a) were also assimilated into the Romani by introgression with neighboring populations during their diaspora into Europe; yet some show a differentiation from the phylogenetically closest non-Romani counterpart. The phylogeny of Romani mitogenomes shows clear signatures of low effective population sizes and founder effects. Overall, these results are in good agreement with historical documentation, suggesting that cultural identity and relative isolation have allowed the Romani to preserve a distinctive mtDNA heritage, with some features linking them unequivocally to their ancestral Indian homeland.
format	article
author	Alberto Gómez-Carballa Jacobo Pardo-Seco Laura Fachal Ana Vega Miriam Cebey Nazareth Martinón-Torres Federico Martinón-Torres Antonio Salas
author_facet	Alberto Gómez-Carballa Jacobo Pardo-Seco Laura Fachal Ana Vega Miriam Cebey Nazareth Martinón-Torres Federico Martinón-Torres Antonio Salas
author_sort	Alberto Gómez-Carballa
title	Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
title_short	Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
title_full	Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
title_fullStr	Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
title_full_unstemmed	Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
title_sort	indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the european romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/891262c899634e0f8a3f03736f7c6ee7
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Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes.

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