Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response

ABSTRACT Competitive interactions between bacteria reveal physiological adaptations that benefit fitness. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive species with several adaptive mechanisms for competition and environmental stress. Biofilm formation, sporulation, and motility are the outcomes of widesprea...

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Autores principales:	Yongjin Liu, Steven Kyle, Paul D. Straight
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Bacillus subtilis Streptomyces venezuelae antibiotics chloramphenicol competition hormesis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/894e7c9277494a01bebc685942900d8f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:894e7c9277494a01bebc685942900d8f2021-11-15T15:22:01ZAntibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response10.1128/mSphere.00586-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/894e7c9277494a01bebc685942900d8f2018-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00586-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Competitive interactions between bacteria reveal physiological adaptations that benefit fitness. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive species with several adaptive mechanisms for competition and environmental stress. Biofilm formation, sporulation, and motility are the outcomes of widespread changes in a population of B. subtilis. These changes emerge from complex, regulated pathways for adapting to external stresses, including competition from other species. To identify competition-specific functions, we cultured B. subtilis with multiple species of Streptomyces and observed altered patterns of growth for each organism. In particular, when plated on agar medium near Streptomyces venezuelae, B. subtilis initiates a robust and reproducible mobile response. To investigate the mechanistic basis for the interaction, we determined the type of motility used by B. subtilis and isolated inducing metabolites produced by S. venezuelae. Bacillus subtilis has three defined forms of motility: swimming, swarming, and sliding. Streptomyces venezuelae induced sliding motility specifically in our experiments. The inducing agents produced by S. venezuelae were identified as chloramphenicol and a brominated derivative at subinhibitory concentrations. Upon further characterization of the mobile response, our results demonstrated that subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin all activate a sliding motility response by B. subtilis. Our data are consistent with sliding motility initiating under conditions of protein translation stress. This report underscores the importance of hormesis as an early warning system for potential bacterial competitors and antibiotic exposure. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge for the effective treatment of infectious diseases. Identifying adaptive mechanisms that bacteria use to survive low levels of antibiotic stress is important for understanding pathways to antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, little is known about the effects of individual bacterial interactions on multispecies communities. This work demonstrates that subinhibitory amounts of some antibiotics produced by streptomycetes induce active motility in B. subtilis, which may alter species interaction dynamics among species-diverse bacterial communities in natural environments. The use of antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations results in many changes in bacteria, including changes in biofilm formation, small-colony variants, formation of persisters, and motility. Identifying the mechanistic bases of these adaptations is crucial for understanding how bacterial communities are impacted by antibiotics.Yongjin LiuSteven KylePaul D. StraightAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBacillus subtilisStreptomyces venezuelaeantibioticschloramphenicolcompetitionhormesisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 1 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bacillus subtilis Streptomyces venezuelae antibiotics chloramphenicol competition hormesis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Bacillus subtilis Streptomyces venezuelae antibiotics chloramphenicol competition hormesis Microbiology QR1-502 Yongjin Liu Steven Kyle Paul D. Straight Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response
description	ABSTRACT Competitive interactions between bacteria reveal physiological adaptations that benefit fitness. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive species with several adaptive mechanisms for competition and environmental stress. Biofilm formation, sporulation, and motility are the outcomes of widespread changes in a population of B. subtilis. These changes emerge from complex, regulated pathways for adapting to external stresses, including competition from other species. To identify competition-specific functions, we cultured B. subtilis with multiple species of Streptomyces and observed altered patterns of growth for each organism. In particular, when plated on agar medium near Streptomyces venezuelae, B. subtilis initiates a robust and reproducible mobile response. To investigate the mechanistic basis for the interaction, we determined the type of motility used by B. subtilis and isolated inducing metabolites produced by S. venezuelae. Bacillus subtilis has three defined forms of motility: swimming, swarming, and sliding. Streptomyces venezuelae induced sliding motility specifically in our experiments. The inducing agents produced by S. venezuelae were identified as chloramphenicol and a brominated derivative at subinhibitory concentrations. Upon further characterization of the mobile response, our results demonstrated that subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin all activate a sliding motility response by B. subtilis. Our data are consistent with sliding motility initiating under conditions of protein translation stress. This report underscores the importance of hormesis as an early warning system for potential bacterial competitors and antibiotic exposure. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge for the effective treatment of infectious diseases. Identifying adaptive mechanisms that bacteria use to survive low levels of antibiotic stress is important for understanding pathways to antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, little is known about the effects of individual bacterial interactions on multispecies communities. This work demonstrates that subinhibitory amounts of some antibiotics produced by streptomycetes induce active motility in B. subtilis, which may alter species interaction dynamics among species-diverse bacterial communities in natural environments. The use of antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations results in many changes in bacteria, including changes in biofilm formation, small-colony variants, formation of persisters, and motility. Identifying the mechanistic bases of these adaptations is crucial for understanding how bacterial communities are impacted by antibiotics.
format	article
author	Yongjin Liu Steven Kyle Paul D. Straight
author_facet	Yongjin Liu Steven Kyle Paul D. Straight
author_sort	Yongjin Liu
title	Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response
title_short	Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response
title_full	Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response
title_fullStr	Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response
title_full_unstemmed	Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response
title_sort	antibiotic stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">bacillus subtilis</named-content> migratory response
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/894e7c9277494a01bebc685942900d8f
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Antibiotic Stimulation of a <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Migratory Response

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