Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis

Spreading processes on networks are ubiquitous in both human-made and natural systems. Understanding their behavior is of broad interest: from the control of epidemics to understanding brain dynamics. While in some cases there exists a clear separation of timescales between the propagation of a sing...

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Autores principales:	Daniel J. Korchinski, Javier G. Orlandi, Seung-Woo Son, Jörn Davidsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8998c8e55db04d9ca4d6c36b21d586e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8998c8e55db04d9ca4d6c36b21d586e02021-12-02T16:07:52ZCriticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis10.1103/PhysRevX.11.0210592160-3308https://doaj.org/article/8998c8e55db04d9ca4d6c36b21d586e02021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021059http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021059https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308Spreading processes on networks are ubiquitous in both human-made and natural systems. Understanding their behavior is of broad interest: from the control of epidemics to understanding brain dynamics. While in some cases there exists a clear separation of timescales between the propagation of a single spreading cascade and the initiation of the next—such that spreading can be modeled as directed percolation or a branching process—there are also processes for which this is not the case, such as spiking cascades in neural networks. For a large class of relevant network topologies, we show here that in such a scenario the nature of the overall spreading fundamentally changes. This change manifests itself in a transition between different universality classes of critical behavior, which determines the onset and the properties of neural activity turning epileptic, for example. We present analytical results in the mean-field limit, giving the critical line along which scale-free behavior can be observed. The two limits of this critical line correspond to the universality classes of directed and undirected percolation, respectively. Outside these two limits, this duality manifests itself in the appearance of critical exponents from the universality classes of both directed and undirected percolation. We find that the transition between these exponents is governed by a competition between merging and propagation of activity, and we identify an appropriate scaling relationship for the transition point. Finally, we show that commonly used measures, such as the branching ratio and dynamic susceptibility, fail to establish criticality in the absence of timescale separation, calling for a reanalysis of criticality in the brain.Daniel J. KorchinskiJavier G. OrlandiSeung-Woo SonJörn DavidsenAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 021059 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Daniel J. Korchinski Javier G. Orlandi Seung-Woo Son Jörn Davidsen Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis
description	Spreading processes on networks are ubiquitous in both human-made and natural systems. Understanding their behavior is of broad interest: from the control of epidemics to understanding brain dynamics. While in some cases there exists a clear separation of timescales between the propagation of a single spreading cascade and the initiation of the next—such that spreading can be modeled as directed percolation or a branching process—there are also processes for which this is not the case, such as spiking cascades in neural networks. For a large class of relevant network topologies, we show here that in such a scenario the nature of the overall spreading fundamentally changes. This change manifests itself in a transition between different universality classes of critical behavior, which determines the onset and the properties of neural activity turning epileptic, for example. We present analytical results in the mean-field limit, giving the critical line along which scale-free behavior can be observed. The two limits of this critical line correspond to the universality classes of directed and undirected percolation, respectively. Outside these two limits, this duality manifests itself in the appearance of critical exponents from the universality classes of both directed and undirected percolation. We find that the transition between these exponents is governed by a competition between merging and propagation of activity, and we identify an appropriate scaling relationship for the transition point. Finally, we show that commonly used measures, such as the branching ratio and dynamic susceptibility, fail to establish criticality in the absence of timescale separation, calling for a reanalysis of criticality in the brain.
format	article
author	Daniel J. Korchinski Javier G. Orlandi Seung-Woo Son Jörn Davidsen
author_facet	Daniel J. Korchinski Javier G. Orlandi Seung-Woo Son Jörn Davidsen
author_sort	Daniel J. Korchinski
title	Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis
title_short	Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis
title_full	Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis
title_fullStr	Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed	Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis
title_sort	criticality in spreading processes without timescale separation and the critical brain hypothesis
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8998c8e55db04d9ca4d6c36b21d586e0
work_keys_str_mv	AT danieljkorchinski criticalityinspreadingprocesseswithouttimescaleseparationandthecriticalbrainhypothesis AT javiergorlandi criticalityinspreadingprocesseswithouttimescaleseparationandthecriticalbrainhypothesis AT seungwooson criticalityinspreadingprocesseswithouttimescaleseparationandthecriticalbrainhypothesis AT jorndavidsen criticalityinspreadingprocesseswithouttimescaleseparationandthecriticalbrainhypothesis
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Criticality in Spreading Processes without Timescale Separation and the Critical Brain Hypothesis

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