A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is primarily characterised by a respiratory disease. However, SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect vascular endothelium and subsequently cause vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic p...

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Autores principales:	Stefanos Drakos, Grigorios Chatzantonis, Michael Bietenbeck, Georg Evers, Arik Bernard Schulze, Michael Mohr, Helena Fonfara, Claudia Meier, Ali Yilmaz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/89af65b848f14659ab3f77e304c45c98
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89af65b848f14659ab3f77e304c45c982021-12-02T17:06:10ZA cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients10.1038/s41598-021-95277-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/89af65b848f14659ab3f77e304c45c982021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95277-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is primarily characterised by a respiratory disease. However, SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect vascular endothelium and subsequently cause vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque instability and thereby result in both endothelial dysfunction and myocardial inflammation/infarction. Interestingly, up to 50% of patients suffer from persistent exercise dyspnoea and a post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) after having overcome an acute COVID-19 infection. In the present study, we assessed the presence of coronary microvascular disease (CMD) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in post-COVID-19 patients still suffering from exercise dyspnoea and PVFS. N = 22 patients who recently recovered from COVID-19, N = 16 patients with classic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and N = 17 healthy control patients without relevant cardiac disease underwent dedicated vasodilator-stress CMR studies on a 1.5-T MR scanner. The CMR protocol comprised cine and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging as well as velocity-encoded (VENC) phase-contrast imaging of the coronary sinus flow (CSF) at rest and during pharmacological stress (maximal vasodilation induced by 400 µg IV regadenoson). Using CSF measurements at rest and during stress, global myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was calculated. There was no difference in left ventricular ejection-fraction (LV-EF) between COVID-19 patients and controls (60% [57–63%] vs. 63% [60–66%], p = NS). There were only N = 4 COVID-19 patients (18%) showing a non-ischemic pattern of LGE. VENC-based flow measurements showed that CSF at rest was higher in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (1.78 ml/min [1.19–2.23 ml/min] vs. 1.14 ml/min [0.91–1.32 ml/min], p = 0.048). In contrast, CSF during stress was lower in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (3.33 ml/min [2.76–4.20 ml/min] vs. 5.32 ml/min [3.66–5.52 ml/min], p = 0.05). A significantly reduced MPR was calculated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (2.73 [2.10–4.15–11] vs. 4.82 [3.70–6.68], p = 0.005). No significant differences regarding MPR were detected between COVID-19 patients and HCM patients. In post-COVID-19 patients with persistent exertional dyspnoea and PVFS, a significantly reduced MPR suggestive of CMD—similar to HCM patients—was observed in the present study. A reduction in MPR can be caused by preceding SARS-CoV-2-associated direct as well as secondary triggered mechanisms leading to diffuse CMD, and may explain ongoing symptoms of exercise dyspnoea and PVFS in some patients after COVID-19 infection.Stefanos DrakosGrigorios ChatzantonisMichael BietenbeckGeorg EversArik Bernard SchulzeMichael MohrHelena FonfaraClaudia MeierAli YilmazNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stefanos Drakos Grigorios Chatzantonis Michael Bietenbeck Georg Evers Arik Bernard Schulze Michael Mohr Helena Fonfara Claudia Meier Ali Yilmaz A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients
description	Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is primarily characterised by a respiratory disease. However, SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect vascular endothelium and subsequently cause vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque instability and thereby result in both endothelial dysfunction and myocardial inflammation/infarction. Interestingly, up to 50% of patients suffer from persistent exercise dyspnoea and a post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) after having overcome an acute COVID-19 infection. In the present study, we assessed the presence of coronary microvascular disease (CMD) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in post-COVID-19 patients still suffering from exercise dyspnoea and PVFS. N = 22 patients who recently recovered from COVID-19, N = 16 patients with classic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and N = 17 healthy control patients without relevant cardiac disease underwent dedicated vasodilator-stress CMR studies on a 1.5-T MR scanner. The CMR protocol comprised cine and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging as well as velocity-encoded (VENC) phase-contrast imaging of the coronary sinus flow (CSF) at rest and during pharmacological stress (maximal vasodilation induced by 400 µg IV regadenoson). Using CSF measurements at rest and during stress, global myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was calculated. There was no difference in left ventricular ejection-fraction (LV-EF) between COVID-19 patients and controls (60% [57–63%] vs. 63% [60–66%], p = NS). There were only N = 4 COVID-19 patients (18%) showing a non-ischemic pattern of LGE. VENC-based flow measurements showed that CSF at rest was higher in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (1.78 ml/min [1.19–2.23 ml/min] vs. 1.14 ml/min [0.91–1.32 ml/min], p = 0.048). In contrast, CSF during stress was lower in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (3.33 ml/min [2.76–4.20 ml/min] vs. 5.32 ml/min [3.66–5.52 ml/min], p = 0.05). A significantly reduced MPR was calculated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (2.73 [2.10–4.15–11] vs. 4.82 [3.70–6.68], p = 0.005). No significant differences regarding MPR were detected between COVID-19 patients and HCM patients. In post-COVID-19 patients with persistent exertional dyspnoea and PVFS, a significantly reduced MPR suggestive of CMD—similar to HCM patients—was observed in the present study. A reduction in MPR can be caused by preceding SARS-CoV-2-associated direct as well as secondary triggered mechanisms leading to diffuse CMD, and may explain ongoing symptoms of exercise dyspnoea and PVFS in some patients after COVID-19 infection.
format	article
author	Stefanos Drakos Grigorios Chatzantonis Michael Bietenbeck Georg Evers Arik Bernard Schulze Michael Mohr Helena Fonfara Claudia Meier Ali Yilmaz
author_facet	Stefanos Drakos Grigorios Chatzantonis Michael Bietenbeck Georg Evers Arik Bernard Schulze Michael Mohr Helena Fonfara Claudia Meier Ali Yilmaz
author_sort	Stefanos Drakos
title	A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients
title_short	A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients
title_full	A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients
title_fullStr	A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients
title_full_unstemmed	A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients
title_sort	cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in covid-19 patients
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89af65b848f14659ab3f77e304c45c98
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A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients

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