Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics

Intercellular communication between neurons and their surrounding cells occurs through the secretion of soluble molecules or release of vesicles such as exosomes into the extracellular space, participating in brain homeostasis. Under neuro-degenerative conditions associated with ageing, such as amyo...

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Autores principales:	Ekene Anakor, Laura Le Gall, Julie Dumonceaux, William John Duddy, Stephanie Duguez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	extracellular vesicle exosome CNS neuromuscular disease neurodegenerative disease ageing Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/89b39853b82c43d495d9044bc0f27278
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89b39853b82c43d495d9044bc0f272782021-11-25T17:09:07ZExosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics10.3390/cells101129302073-4409https://doaj.org/article/89b39853b82c43d495d9044bc0f272782021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2930https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Intercellular communication between neurons and their surrounding cells occurs through the secretion of soluble molecules or release of vesicles such as exosomes into the extracellular space, participating in brain homeostasis. Under neuro-degenerative conditions associated with ageing, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease, exosomes are suspected to propagate toxic proteins. The topic of this review is the role of exosomes in ageing conditions and more specifically in ALS. Our current understanding of exosomes and exosome-related mechanisms is first summarized in a general sense, including their biogenesis and secretion, heterogeneity, cellular interaction and intracellular fate. Their role in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and ageing of the neuromotor system is then considered in the context of exosome-induced signaling. The review then focuses on exosomes in age-associated neurodegenerative disease. The role of exosomes in ALS is highlighted, and their use as potential biomarkers to diagnose and prognose ALS is presented. The therapeutic implications of exosomes for ALS are considered, whether as delivery vehicles, neurotoxic targets or as corrective drugs in and of themselves. A diverse set of mechanisms underpin the functional roles, both confirmed and potential, of exosomes, generally in ageing and specifically in motor neurone disease. Aspects of their contents, biogenesis, uptake and modifications offer many plausible routes towards the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics.Ekene AnakorLaura Le GallJulie DumonceauxWilliam John DuddyStephanie DuguezMDPI AGarticleextracellular vesicleexosomeCNSneuromuscular diseaseneurodegenerative diseaseageingBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2930, p 2930 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	extracellular vesicle exosome CNS neuromuscular disease neurodegenerative disease ageing Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	extracellular vesicle exosome CNS neuromuscular disease neurodegenerative disease ageing Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ekene Anakor Laura Le Gall Julie Dumonceaux William John Duddy Stephanie Duguez Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics
description	Intercellular communication between neurons and their surrounding cells occurs through the secretion of soluble molecules or release of vesicles such as exosomes into the extracellular space, participating in brain homeostasis. Under neuro-degenerative conditions associated with ageing, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease, exosomes are suspected to propagate toxic proteins. The topic of this review is the role of exosomes in ageing conditions and more specifically in ALS. Our current understanding of exosomes and exosome-related mechanisms is first summarized in a general sense, including their biogenesis and secretion, heterogeneity, cellular interaction and intracellular fate. Their role in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and ageing of the neuromotor system is then considered in the context of exosome-induced signaling. The review then focuses on exosomes in age-associated neurodegenerative disease. The role of exosomes in ALS is highlighted, and their use as potential biomarkers to diagnose and prognose ALS is presented. The therapeutic implications of exosomes for ALS are considered, whether as delivery vehicles, neurotoxic targets or as corrective drugs in and of themselves. A diverse set of mechanisms underpin the functional roles, both confirmed and potential, of exosomes, generally in ageing and specifically in motor neurone disease. Aspects of their contents, biogenesis, uptake and modifications offer many plausible routes towards the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
format	article
author	Ekene Anakor Laura Le Gall Julie Dumonceaux William John Duddy Stephanie Duguez
author_facet	Ekene Anakor Laura Le Gall Julie Dumonceaux William John Duddy Stephanie Duguez
author_sort	Ekene Anakor
title	Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics
title_short	Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics
title_full	Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics
title_fullStr	Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics
title_full_unstemmed	Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics
title_sort	exosomes in ageing and motor neurone disease: biogenesis, uptake mechanisms, modifications in disease and uses in the development of biomarkers and therapeutics
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89b39853b82c43d495d9044bc0f27278
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Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics

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