Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Despite advances in the treatment of cancers through surgical procedures and new pharmaceuticals, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging as reflected by low survival rates. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an important signaling mechanism that regulates the cell cycle, proli...

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Main Authors:	Eun Jin Sun, Miriam Wankell, Pranavan Palamuthusingam, Craig McFarlane, Lionel Hebbard
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	MDPI AG 2021
Subjects:	hepatocellular carcinoma HCC Akt mTOR PI3K clinical trials Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/89bb6a0c34c4433e8753a977ce9ed1e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89bb6a0c34c4433e8753a977ce9ed1e12021-11-25T16:49:59ZTargeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma10.3390/biomedicines91116392227-9059https://doaj.org/article/89bb6a0c34c4433e8753a977ce9ed1e12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1639https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Despite advances in the treatment of cancers through surgical procedures and new pharmaceuticals, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging as reflected by low survival rates. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an important signaling mechanism that regulates the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Importantly, deregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway leading to activation is common in HCC and is hence the subject of intense investigation and the focus of current therapeutics. In this review article, we consider the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of HCC, focusing on its downstream effectors such as glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), forkhead box O protein (FOXO), murine double minute 2 (MDM2), p53, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the cellular processes of lipogenesis and autophagy. In addition, we provide an update on the current ongoing clinical development of agents targeting this pathway for HCC treatments.Eun Jin SunMiriam WankellPranavan PalamuthusingamCraig McFarlaneLionel HebbardMDPI AGarticlehepatocellular carcinomaHCCAktmTORPI3Kclinical trialsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1639, p 1639 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hepatocellular carcinoma HCC Akt mTOR PI3K clinical trials Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	hepatocellular carcinoma HCC Akt mTOR PI3K clinical trials Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Eun Jin Sun Miriam Wankell Pranavan Palamuthusingam Craig McFarlane Lionel Hebbard Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
description	Despite advances in the treatment of cancers through surgical procedures and new pharmaceuticals, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging as reflected by low survival rates. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an important signaling mechanism that regulates the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Importantly, deregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway leading to activation is common in HCC and is hence the subject of intense investigation and the focus of current therapeutics. In this review article, we consider the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of HCC, focusing on its downstream effectors such as glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), forkhead box O protein (FOXO), murine double minute 2 (MDM2), p53, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the cellular processes of lipogenesis and autophagy. In addition, we provide an update on the current ongoing clinical development of agents targeting this pathway for HCC treatments.
format	article
author	Eun Jin Sun Miriam Wankell Pranavan Palamuthusingam Craig McFarlane Lionel Hebbard
author_facet	Eun Jin Sun Miriam Wankell Pranavan Palamuthusingam Craig McFarlane Lionel Hebbard
author_sort	Eun Jin Sun
title	Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_short	Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full	Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_fullStr	Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed	Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_sort	targeting the pi3k/akt/mtor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89bb6a0c34c4433e8753a977ce9ed1e1
work_keys_str_mv	AT eunjinsun targetingthepi3kaktmtorpathwayinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT miriamwankell targetingthepi3kaktmtorpathwayinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT pranavanpalamuthusingam targetingthepi3kaktmtorpathwayinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT craigmcfarlane targetingthepi3kaktmtorpathwayinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT lionelhebbard targetingthepi3kaktmtorpathwayinhepatocellularcarcinoma
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Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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