Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Abstract Background To understand the evolutionary significance of female mate choice for colorful male ornamentation, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of such ornamentation must be understood for examining how the ornaments are associated with “male qualities” that increase the fitness or sexua...

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Autores principales:	Mayuko Kawamoto, Yuu Ishii, Masakado Kawata
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Mate choice Colored ornaments Color-related genes RNA-seq Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/89be709d737747818f7abc4fd31de462
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89be709d737747818f7abc4fd31de4622021-11-28T12:04:09ZGenetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)10.1186/s12862-021-01942-22730-7182https://doaj.org/article/89be709d737747818f7abc4fd31de4622021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01942-2https://doaj.org/toc/2730-7182Abstract Background To understand the evolutionary significance of female mate choice for colorful male ornamentation, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of such ornamentation must be understood for examining how the ornaments are associated with “male qualities” that increase the fitness or sexual attractiveness of offspring. In the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an established model system for research on sexual selection, females prefer males possessing larger and more highly saturated orange spots as potential mates. Although previous studies have identified some chromosome regions and genes associated with orange spot formation, the regulation and involvement of these genetic elements in orange spot formation have not been elucidated. In this study, the expression patterns of genes specific to orange spots and certain color developmental stages were investigated using RNA-seq to reveal the genetic basis of orange spot formation. Results Comparing the gene expression levels of male guppy skin with orange spots (orange skin) with those without any color spots (dull skin) from the same individuals identified 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 630 upregulated genes and 472 downregulated genes in the orange skin. Additionally, the gene expression levels of the whole trunk skin were compared among the three developmental stages and 2247 genes were identified as DEGs according to color development. These analyses indicated that secondary differentiation of xanthophores may affect orange spot formation. Conclusions The results suggested that orange spots might be formed by secondary differentiation, rather than de novo generation, of xanthophores, which is induced by Csf1 and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. Furthermore, we suggested candidate genes associated with the areas and saturation levels of orange spots, which are both believed to be important for female mate choice and independently regulated. This study provides insights into the genetic and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying orange spot formation, which would help to elucidate how these processes are evolutionarily maintained as ornamental traits relevant to sexual selection.Mayuko KawamotoYuu IshiiMasakado KawataBMCarticleMate choiceColored ornamentsColor-related genesRNA-seqEcologyQH540-549.5EvolutionQH359-425ENBMC Ecology and Evolution, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mate choice Colored ornaments Color-related genes RNA-seq Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425
spellingShingle	Mate choice Colored ornaments Color-related genes RNA-seq Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425 Mayuko Kawamoto Yuu Ishii Masakado Kawata Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
description	Abstract Background To understand the evolutionary significance of female mate choice for colorful male ornamentation, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of such ornamentation must be understood for examining how the ornaments are associated with “male qualities” that increase the fitness or sexual attractiveness of offspring. In the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an established model system for research on sexual selection, females prefer males possessing larger and more highly saturated orange spots as potential mates. Although previous studies have identified some chromosome regions and genes associated with orange spot formation, the regulation and involvement of these genetic elements in orange spot formation have not been elucidated. In this study, the expression patterns of genes specific to orange spots and certain color developmental stages were investigated using RNA-seq to reveal the genetic basis of orange spot formation. Results Comparing the gene expression levels of male guppy skin with orange spots (orange skin) with those without any color spots (dull skin) from the same individuals identified 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 630 upregulated genes and 472 downregulated genes in the orange skin. Additionally, the gene expression levels of the whole trunk skin were compared among the three developmental stages and 2247 genes were identified as DEGs according to color development. These analyses indicated that secondary differentiation of xanthophores may affect orange spot formation. Conclusions The results suggested that orange spots might be formed by secondary differentiation, rather than de novo generation, of xanthophores, which is induced by Csf1 and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. Furthermore, we suggested candidate genes associated with the areas and saturation levels of orange spots, which are both believed to be important for female mate choice and independently regulated. This study provides insights into the genetic and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying orange spot formation, which would help to elucidate how these processes are evolutionarily maintained as ornamental traits relevant to sexual selection.
format	article
author	Mayuko Kawamoto Yuu Ishii Masakado Kawata
author_facet	Mayuko Kawamoto Yuu Ishii Masakado Kawata
author_sort	Mayuko Kawamoto
title	Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
title_short	Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
title_full	Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
title_fullStr	Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
title_sort	genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (poecilia reticulata)
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89be709d737747818f7abc4fd31de462
work_keys_str_mv	AT mayukokawamoto geneticbasisoforangespotformationintheguppypoeciliareticulata AT yuuishii geneticbasisoforangespotformationintheguppypoeciliareticulata AT masakadokawata geneticbasisoforangespotformationintheguppypoeciliareticulata
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Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

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