Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid

Heavy metal pollution is among the important environmental problems in the world. Many techniques have already been used to remove the heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Among them, the phytoremediation method is an environmentally friendly and green technology. This study was carried...

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Autores principales:	Aslihan Esringü, Metin Turan, Asli Cangönül
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Zinnia elegans</i> <i>Tagetes erecta</i> lead cadmium phytoremediation remediation parameters Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/89df369eb0b5480288863bec45ba1054
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89df369eb0b5480288863bec45ba10542021-11-25T17:39:29ZRemediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid10.3390/f121116081999-4907https://doaj.org/article/89df369eb0b5480288863bec45ba10542021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1608https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Heavy metal pollution is among the important environmental problems in the world. Many techniques have already been used to remove the heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Among them, the phytoremediation method is an environmentally friendly and green technology. This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of fulvic acid (FA) application in removing Pb and Cd from polluted soil using <i>Tagetes eracta</i> L. and <i>Zinnia elegans</i> Jacq. ornamental plants. The results indicated that, FA application, number of flower per plants, and plant fresh weight of <i>Tagetes eracta</i> plants and <i>Zinnia elegans</i> plants increased 187.5%, 104.5% and 155.5%, 57.7%, respectively with application of 7000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> FA at 100 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Pb pollution condition, whereas 42.85%, 16.5%, and 44.4–36.1% with application of 7000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> FA at 30 mg kg<sup>±1</sup> Cd pollution condition, respectively. With the FA application in the <i>Zinnia elegans</i> plant, the root part has accumulated 51.53% more Pb than the shoot part. For Cd, the shoot part accumulated 35.33% more Cd than the root. The effect of FA application on superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and, catalase (CAT) of the <i>Tagetes eracta</i> were decreased as 32.7%, 33.1%, and 35.1% for Pb, 21.2%, 25.1%, and 26,1%, for Cd, and 15.1%, 22.7%, and 37.7% for Pb, and 7.55%, 18.0%, and 18.8% for Cd were in <i>Zinnia elegans</i> respectively. In conclusion, <i>Tagetes eracta</i> and <i>Zinnia elegans</i> can not be recommended for remediation of Pb and Cd polluted area, but FA can be recommended for Pb and Cd stabilization in polluted soil.Aslihan EsringüMetin TuranAsli CangönülMDPI AGarticle<i>Zinnia elegans</i><i>Tagetes erecta</i>leadcadmiumphytoremediationremediation parametersPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1608, p 1608 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Zinnia elegans</i> <i>Tagetes erecta</i> lead cadmium phytoremediation remediation parameters Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	<i>Zinnia elegans</i> <i>Tagetes erecta</i> lead cadmium phytoremediation remediation parameters Plant ecology QK900-989 Aslihan Esringü Metin Turan Asli Cangönül Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid
description	Heavy metal pollution is among the important environmental problems in the world. Many techniques have already been used to remove the heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Among them, the phytoremediation method is an environmentally friendly and green technology. This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of fulvic acid (FA) application in removing Pb and Cd from polluted soil using <i>Tagetes eracta</i> L. and <i>Zinnia elegans</i> Jacq. ornamental plants. The results indicated that, FA application, number of flower per plants, and plant fresh weight of <i>Tagetes eracta</i> plants and <i>Zinnia elegans</i> plants increased 187.5%, 104.5% and 155.5%, 57.7%, respectively with application of 7000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> FA at 100 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Pb pollution condition, whereas 42.85%, 16.5%, and 44.4–36.1% with application of 7000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> FA at 30 mg kg<sup>±1</sup> Cd pollution condition, respectively. With the FA application in the <i>Zinnia elegans</i> plant, the root part has accumulated 51.53% more Pb than the shoot part. For Cd, the shoot part accumulated 35.33% more Cd than the root. The effect of FA application on superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and, catalase (CAT) of the <i>Tagetes eracta</i> were decreased as 32.7%, 33.1%, and 35.1% for Pb, 21.2%, 25.1%, and 26,1%, for Cd, and 15.1%, 22.7%, and 37.7% for Pb, and 7.55%, 18.0%, and 18.8% for Cd were in <i>Zinnia elegans</i> respectively. In conclusion, <i>Tagetes eracta</i> and <i>Zinnia elegans</i> can not be recommended for remediation of Pb and Cd polluted area, but FA can be recommended for Pb and Cd stabilization in polluted soil.
format	article
author	Aslihan Esringü Metin Turan Asli Cangönül
author_facet	Aslihan Esringü Metin Turan Asli Cangönül
author_sort	Aslihan Esringü
title	Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid
title_short	Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid
title_full	Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid
title_fullStr	Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid
title_full_unstemmed	Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid
title_sort	remediation of pb and cd polluted soils with fulvic acid
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89df369eb0b5480288863bec45ba1054
work_keys_str_mv	AT aslihanesringu remediationofpbandcdpollutedsoilswithfulvicacid AT metinturan remediationofpbandcdpollutedsoilswithfulvicacid AT aslicangonul remediationofpbandcdpollutedsoilswithfulvicacid
_version_	1718412115942834176

Remediation of Pb and Cd Polluted Soils with Fulvic Acid

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