A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were responsible for 26.3% of cancer cases and 35.4% of deaths worldwide in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the global incidence, mortality, prevalence, and contributing risk factors of the 6 major GI cancer entities [esophageal cancer (EC), gastri...

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Autores principales:	Lili Lu, Christina S. Mullins, Clemens Schafmayer, Sebastian Zeißig, Michael Linnebacher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	annual percentage change (APC) diabetes gastrointestinal (GI) cancer high blood cholesterol human development indices (HDI) hypertension Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/89e53aa57a034c83b0e7ee0a75fc78b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:89e53aa57a034c83b0e7ee0a75fc78b52021-11-27T06:05:32ZA global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors2523-354810.1002/cac2.12220https://doaj.org/article/89e53aa57a034c83b0e7ee0a75fc78b52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12220https://doaj.org/toc/2523-3548Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were responsible for 26.3% of cancer cases and 35.4% of deaths worldwide in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the global incidence, mortality, prevalence, and contributing risk factors of the 6 major GI cancer entities [esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), colon cancer, and rectal cancer]. Methods Using the Global Cancer Observatory and the Global Health Observatory databases, we reviewed the current GI cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality, analyzed the association of GI cancer prevalence with national human development indices (HDIs), identified the contributing risk factors, and estimated developing age‐ and sex‐specific trends in incidence and mortality. Results In 2020, the trend in age‐standardized rate of incidence of GI cancers closely mirrored that of mortality, with the highest rates of LC, EC, and GC in Asia and of colorectal cancer (CRC) and PC mainly in Europe. Incidence and mortality were positively, but the mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) was inversely correlated with the national HDI levels. High MIRs in developing countries likely reflected the lack of preventive strategies and effective treatments. GI cancer prevalence was highest in Europe and was also positively correlated with HDIs and lifestyle‐associated risk factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, and high blood cholesterol level, but negatively correlated with hypertension and diabetes. Incidences of EC were consistently and those of GC mostly decreasing, whereas incidences of CRC were increasing in most countries/regions, especially in the younger populations. Incidences of LC and PC were also increasing in all age‐gender populations except for younger males. Mortalities were decreasing for EC, GC, and CRC in most countries/regions, and age‐specific trends were observed in PC and LC with a decrease in the younger but an increase in the older population. Conclusions On the global scale, higher GI cancer burden was accompanied, for the most part, by factors associated with the so‐called Western lifestyle reflected by high and very high national HDI levels. In countries/regions with very high HDI levels, patients survived longer, and increasing GI cancer cases were observed with increasing national HDI levels. Optimizing GI cancer prevention and improving therapies, especially for patients with comorbid metabolic diseases, are thus urgently recommended.Lili LuChristina S. MullinsClemens SchafmayerSebastian ZeißigMichael LinnebacherWileyarticleannual percentage change (APC)diabetesgastrointestinal (GI) cancerhigh blood cholesterolhuman development indices (HDI)hypertensionNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancer Communications, Vol 41, Iss 11, Pp 1137-1151 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	annual percentage change (APC) diabetes gastrointestinal (GI) cancer high blood cholesterol human development indices (HDI) hypertension Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	annual percentage change (APC) diabetes gastrointestinal (GI) cancer high blood cholesterol human development indices (HDI) hypertension Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Lili Lu Christina S. Mullins Clemens Schafmayer Sebastian Zeißig Michael Linnebacher A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
description	Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were responsible for 26.3% of cancer cases and 35.4% of deaths worldwide in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the global incidence, mortality, prevalence, and contributing risk factors of the 6 major GI cancer entities [esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), colon cancer, and rectal cancer]. Methods Using the Global Cancer Observatory and the Global Health Observatory databases, we reviewed the current GI cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality, analyzed the association of GI cancer prevalence with national human development indices (HDIs), identified the contributing risk factors, and estimated developing age‐ and sex‐specific trends in incidence and mortality. Results In 2020, the trend in age‐standardized rate of incidence of GI cancers closely mirrored that of mortality, with the highest rates of LC, EC, and GC in Asia and of colorectal cancer (CRC) and PC mainly in Europe. Incidence and mortality were positively, but the mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) was inversely correlated with the national HDI levels. High MIRs in developing countries likely reflected the lack of preventive strategies and effective treatments. GI cancer prevalence was highest in Europe and was also positively correlated with HDIs and lifestyle‐associated risk factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, and high blood cholesterol level, but negatively correlated with hypertension and diabetes. Incidences of EC were consistently and those of GC mostly decreasing, whereas incidences of CRC were increasing in most countries/regions, especially in the younger populations. Incidences of LC and PC were also increasing in all age‐gender populations except for younger males. Mortalities were decreasing for EC, GC, and CRC in most countries/regions, and age‐specific trends were observed in PC and LC with a decrease in the younger but an increase in the older population. Conclusions On the global scale, higher GI cancer burden was accompanied, for the most part, by factors associated with the so‐called Western lifestyle reflected by high and very high national HDI levels. In countries/regions with very high HDI levels, patients survived longer, and increasing GI cancer cases were observed with increasing national HDI levels. Optimizing GI cancer prevention and improving therapies, especially for patients with comorbid metabolic diseases, are thus urgently recommended.
format	article
author	Lili Lu Christina S. Mullins Clemens Schafmayer Sebastian Zeißig Michael Linnebacher
author_facet	Lili Lu Christina S. Mullins Clemens Schafmayer Sebastian Zeißig Michael Linnebacher
author_sort	Lili Lu
title	A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
title_short	A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
title_full	A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
title_fullStr	A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
title_full_unstemmed	A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
title_sort	global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/89e53aa57a034c83b0e7ee0a75fc78b5
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A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors

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