Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR

Heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method that improves the moisture-resistant properties and increases the service life of timber. In this work, Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> [Lamb.] Hook.) wood was heat-treated in a chamber with steam at temperatures of 160, 18...

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Autores principales:	Yulei Gao, Liyuan Zhao, Jinghui Jiang, Zhu Li, Jianxiong Lyu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	heat treatment Chinese fir TD-NMR free water bound water MC Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a031877bb904d89a1a7518b452d6ae5
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8a031877bb904d89a1a7518b452d6ae5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a031877bb904d89a1a7518b452d6ae52021-11-25T17:38:31ZWater Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR10.3390/f121115451999-4907https://doaj.org/article/8a031877bb904d89a1a7518b452d6ae52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1545https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method that improves the moisture-resistant properties and increases the service life of timber. In this work, Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> [Lamb.] Hook.) wood was heat-treated in a chamber with steam at temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C for 2 h, and the absorption of water was studied by gravimetric analysis and time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). The results show that both the amount of bound water and free water decreased with the increasing treatment temperature. The water absorption of wood in the radial direction was faster than that in the tangential direction due to the existence of rays, and this difference remained after the heat treatment. The heat treatment at 220 °C had a significant effect on water absorption in the tangential direction of wood, and the moisture content (MC) was approximately 20% lower than that of samples absorbing water in the radial direction. T<sub>2</sub> (spin–spin relaxation time) distributions showed two main components which were associated with bound water and free water, and for samples absorbing water in the radial or tangential direction, there was only a difference in the amount of free water. The amount of free water significantly decreased for the samples that were heat-treated at 220 °C and absorbed water in the tangential direction, indicating that the high-temperature heat-treated samples tended to close the pits in wood cells.Yulei GaoLiyuan ZhaoJinghui JiangZhu LiJianxiong LyuMDPI AGarticleheat treatmentChinese firTD-NMRfree waterbound waterMCPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1545, p 1545 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	heat treatment Chinese fir TD-NMR free water bound water MC Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	heat treatment Chinese fir TD-NMR free water bound water MC Plant ecology QK900-989 Yulei Gao Liyuan Zhao Jinghui Jiang Zhu Li Jianxiong Lyu Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR
description	Heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method that improves the moisture-resistant properties and increases the service life of timber. In this work, Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> [Lamb.] Hook.) wood was heat-treated in a chamber with steam at temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C for 2 h, and the absorption of water was studied by gravimetric analysis and time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). The results show that both the amount of bound water and free water decreased with the increasing treatment temperature. The water absorption of wood in the radial direction was faster than that in the tangential direction due to the existence of rays, and this difference remained after the heat treatment. The heat treatment at 220 °C had a significant effect on water absorption in the tangential direction of wood, and the moisture content (MC) was approximately 20% lower than that of samples absorbing water in the radial direction. T<sub>2</sub> (spin–spin relaxation time) distributions showed two main components which were associated with bound water and free water, and for samples absorbing water in the radial or tangential direction, there was only a difference in the amount of free water. The amount of free water significantly decreased for the samples that were heat-treated at 220 °C and absorbed water in the tangential direction, indicating that the high-temperature heat-treated samples tended to close the pits in wood cells.
format	article
author	Yulei Gao Liyuan Zhao Jinghui Jiang Zhu Li Jianxiong Lyu
author_facet	Yulei Gao Liyuan Zhao Jinghui Jiang Zhu Li Jianxiong Lyu
author_sort	Yulei Gao
title	Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR
title_short	Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR
title_full	Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR
title_fullStr	Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR
title_full_unstemmed	Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR
title_sort	water absorption properties in transverse direction of heat-treated chinese fir wood determined using td-nmr
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a031877bb904d89a1a7518b452d6ae5
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuleigao waterabsorptionpropertiesintransversedirectionofheattreatedchinesefirwooddeterminedusingtdnmr AT liyuanzhao waterabsorptionpropertiesintransversedirectionofheattreatedchinesefirwooddeterminedusingtdnmr AT jinghuijiang waterabsorptionpropertiesintransversedirectionofheattreatedchinesefirwooddeterminedusingtdnmr AT zhuli waterabsorptionpropertiesintransversedirectionofheattreatedchinesefirwooddeterminedusingtdnmr AT jianxionglyu waterabsorptionpropertiesintransversedirectionofheattreatedchinesefirwooddeterminedusingtdnmr
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Water Absorption Properties in Transverse Direction of Heat-Treated Chinese Fir Wood Determined Using TD-NMR

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