Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?

Ferumoxytol, an iron oxide nanoparticle, was infused into the lateral cerebroventricle of awake rats to follow its movement and clearance from the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Within minutes the contrast agent could be observed accumulating in the subarachnoid space, nasal cavity, nasal p...

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Autores principales: Joshua Leaston, Praveen Kulkarni, Codi Gharagouzloo, Ju Qiao, Nicole Bens, Craig F. Ferris
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/8a055046471b4b6bbc94cff8b9144952
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:8a055046471b4b6bbc94cff8b91449522021-11-30T12:20:14ZDo We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?1662-453X10.3389/fnins.2021.763780https://doaj.org/article/8a055046471b4b6bbc94cff8b91449522021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.763780/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XFerumoxytol, an iron oxide nanoparticle, was infused into the lateral cerebroventricle of awake rats to follow its movement and clearance from the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Within minutes the contrast agent could be observed accumulating in the subarachnoid space, nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, and soft palate at the back of the throat. In a subsequent study fluorescent quantum dots were infused into the brain of rats and within 15 min could be observed in the esophagus using microscopy. These imaging studies clearly show that these large nanoparticle tracers (∼20 nm in diameter) leave the brain through the nasal cavity and end up in the gut. There are numerous studies going back decades reporting the clearance of tracers put directly into the brain. While these studies show the slow accumulation of trace in the blood and lymphatics, they report only accounting for less than 50% of what was originally put in the brain.Joshua LeastonPraveen KulkarniCodi GharagouzlooCodi GharagouzlooJu QiaoNicole BensCraig F. FerrisFrontiers Media S.A.articleferumoxytolnasal pharynxsubarachnoid spacebrain clearanceperivascular spacecanNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic ferumoxytol
nasal pharynx
subarachnoid space
brain clearance
perivascular spacecan
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
RC321-571
spellingShingle ferumoxytol
nasal pharynx
subarachnoid space
brain clearance
perivascular spacecan
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
RC321-571
Joshua Leaston
Praveen Kulkarni
Codi Gharagouzloo
Codi Gharagouzloo
Ju Qiao
Nicole Bens
Craig F. Ferris
Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
description Ferumoxytol, an iron oxide nanoparticle, was infused into the lateral cerebroventricle of awake rats to follow its movement and clearance from the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Within minutes the contrast agent could be observed accumulating in the subarachnoid space, nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, and soft palate at the back of the throat. In a subsequent study fluorescent quantum dots were infused into the brain of rats and within 15 min could be observed in the esophagus using microscopy. These imaging studies clearly show that these large nanoparticle tracers (∼20 nm in diameter) leave the brain through the nasal cavity and end up in the gut. There are numerous studies going back decades reporting the clearance of tracers put directly into the brain. While these studies show the slow accumulation of trace in the blood and lymphatics, they report only accounting for less than 50% of what was originally put in the brain.
format article
author Joshua Leaston
Praveen Kulkarni
Codi Gharagouzloo
Codi Gharagouzloo
Ju Qiao
Nicole Bens
Craig F. Ferris
author_facet Joshua Leaston
Praveen Kulkarni
Codi Gharagouzloo
Codi Gharagouzloo
Ju Qiao
Nicole Bens
Craig F. Ferris
author_sort Joshua Leaston
title Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
title_short Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
title_full Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
title_fullStr Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
title_full_unstemmed Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
title_sort do we swallow the waste from our brain?
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/8a055046471b4b6bbc94cff8b9144952
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